302 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 



Reindeer and Caribou ( Cervus tarandus) of Northern Europe, 

 Asia, and North America ; the Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus, Fig. 

 150) of Europe ; the Wapiti ( C. Canadensis) of Canada ; and 

 the Roebuck ( Capreolus caproea) of Northern Europe. 



FIG. 150. Cervidse. Head of Stag (Cervw elaphw). 



Of the Giraffes or Cqmelopardalidce there is only a single 

 living species, exclusively confined to the African Continent. 

 Both sexes have two pairs of short horns, carried on the fore- 

 head ; but these are persistent, and are covered with a hairy 

 skin. The neck is extremely long, and the fore-legs much 

 longer than the hind-legs. It is the largest of living Ruminants, 

 and measures as much as from fifteen to eighteen feet in 

 height. 



The Cavicornia or Hollow-horned Ruminants comprise 

 the Oxen, Sheep, Goats, and Antelopes, and are characterized 

 by having horns, which may be present in one or both sexes, 

 and consist of a horny sheath surrounding a central bony axis, 

 or " horn-core." The horns are persistent, and are not peri- 

 odically shed, and there is usually only a single pair, though 

 sometimes there are two pairs. In their dentition, and in 



