318 



VERTEBRATE ANIMALS. 



able to the other toes. The canine teeth of the males are 

 very long, strong, and pointed, but this is not the case in the 

 females. 



In this tribe are the Gibbons, the Chimpanzee, the Orang- 

 outang, and the Gorilla. The Gibbons form the genus Hylo- 

 bates, and they belong to Asia, India, and the Indian Archi- 

 pelago. The anterior limbs in these monkeys are extremely 

 long, and the hands nearly or quite touch the ground when 

 the animal stands erect. The Orang-outang (Simla) has no 

 cheek-pouches, and the hips are covered with hair. The arms 

 are of excessive length, and the hind-legs very short. When 

 young, the head of the Orang-outang is not very different from 

 that of a child, but, as the animal grows, the bones of the face 

 gradually lengthen, while the skull remains much about the 

 same ; great bony ridges are developed for the attachment of 

 the muscles which act upon the jaws ; the incisors project ; 

 the canine teeth of the males become long and pointed, till 

 ultimately the muzzle becomes as pronounced and well marked 

 as in the Carnivorous animals (Fig. 160, A). The best-known 



FIG. 160. A, Skull of the Orang-outang; B, Skull of a European adult. 



species of Orang is the Simla Satyrus, which inhabits Suma- 

 tra, Borneo, and the other larger islands of the Indian Archi- 

 pelago; but there are probably other species or varieties. 

 The Chimpanzee and Gorilla both belong to Africa, and form 

 the genus Troglodytes. The Chimpanzee is a native of West- 

 ern Africa, and has the arms much shorter proportionately 

 than in the Gibbons and Orangs. Still they are much longer 



