GLOSSARY. 333 



Protozoa, usually characterized by the possession of a shell perforated by 



numerous pseudopodial apertures. 



FRU-GIV'O-ROUS (Lat. frux, fruit ; voro, I devour). Living upon fruits. 

 FUN'NEL. 

 FUR'OU-LUM (Lat. dim. of f urea, a fork). The " merry-thought" of birds, or 



the V-shaped bone formed by the united clavicles. 

 FU'SI-FORM (Lat. fusus, a spindle ; and forma, shape). Spindle-shaped, or 



pointed at both ends. 



GAL-LI-NA'CE-I (Lat. gallina, a fowl). Sometimes applied to the whole order 



of the Kasorial Birds, but properly restricted to that section of the order 



of which the common Fowl is a typical example. 

 GAN'GLI-OI* (Gr. gagglion, a knot). A mass of nervous matter containing 



nerve-cells, giving origin to nerve-fibres. 

 GA'NOID (Gr. ganos, splendor ? brightness). Applied to those scales or plates 



which are composed of an inferior layer of true bone covered by a superior 



layer of polished enamel. 

 GA-NOI'DE-A. An order of Fishes. 

 GAS-TE-ROP'O-DA (Gr. gaster, stomach ; pous, foot). The class of the Mollusca 



comprising the ordinary univalves, in which locomotion is usually effected 



by a muscular expansion of the under surface of the body (the " foot"). 

 GEM'M^E (Lat. gemma, a bud). The buds produced by any animal, whether 



detached or not. 



GEJC-MA'TION! The process of producing new structures by budding. 

 GEM-MIP'AR-OUS (Lat. gemma, a bud ',pario, I produce). Giving origin to new 



structures by a process of budding. 

 GEM'MULES (Lat. dim. of gemma). The ciliated embryos of many Cxlenterata ; 



also the seed-like reproductive bodies or u spores" of Spongilla. 

 GE-PHYR'E-A (Gr. gephura, a bridge). A class of the Anarthropoda, com- 

 prising the Spoon-worms (Sipunculus} and their allies. 

 GIZ'ZARD. A muscular division of the stomach in Birds, Insects, etc. 

 GLA'DI-US (Lat. for a sword). Applied to the horny endoskeleton or "pen" 



of certain Cuttle-fishes. 



GLE'NOID (Gr. glene, a cavity ; eidos, form). A shallow cavity ; applied espe- 

 cially to the shallow articular cavity in the shoulder-blade to which the 



head of the humerus is jointed. 



GNATH'ITES (Gr. gnathos, a jaw). The masticatory organs of Crustacea. 

 GON-O-BLAS-TID'I-A (Gr. gonos. offspring ; blastidion, dim. of blastos, a bud). 



The processes which carry the reproductive receptacles, or " gonophores," 



in many of the Hydrozoa. 

 GON-O-CA'LYX (Gr. gonos ; and Tcalux, cup). The swimming-bell in a medusi- 



form gonophore, or the same structure in agonophore which is not detached. 

 GON'O-PHORE (Gr. gonos ; andphero, I carry). The generative buds, or recep- 

 tacles of the reproductive elements, in the Hydrozoa, whether these become 



detached or not. 

 GON'O-SOME (Gr. gonos; and soma, body). Applied as a collective term to 



the reproductive zooids of a Hydrozoon. 

 GON-O-THE'OA (Gr. gonos / and theke, a case). The chitinous receptacle within 



which the gonophores of certain of the Hydrozoa are produced. 

 GRAL-LA-TO'RES (Lat. grallce, stilts). The order of the long-legged Wading- 



Birds. 

 GRA-NIV'O-ROUS (Lat. granum, a grain or seed ; voro, I devour). Living upon 



grains or other seeds. 

 GRAP-TO-LIT'I-D^ (Gr. grapTio, I write ; lifhos, stone). An extinct sub-class 



of the Hydrozoa. 

 GREG-A-RIN'I-DA (Lat. gregarius, occurring in numbers together). A class of 



the Protozoa. 

 GUARD. The cylindrical fibrous sheath with which the internal chambered 



shell (phragmacone) of a Belemnite is protected. 

 GUI/ LET. 

 GYM-NO-LJE'MA-TA (Gr. gumnos, naked ; laimos, the throat). An order of the 



