342 GLOSSARY. 



O-VO-VI-VIP'A-ROTTS (Lat. ovum, egg ; vivus, alive ; pario, I pro luce). Ap- 

 plied to animals which retain their eggs within the body until they are 



O'VUM (Lat. for an egg). The germ produced within the ovary, and capable 

 under certain conditions of being developed into a new individual. 



PACH-Y-DER'MA-TA (Gr. pachus, thick ; derma, skin). An old Mammalian 

 order constituted by Cuvier for the reception of the Khinoceros, Hippopota- 

 mus, Elephant, etc. 



PA-L.E-ON-TOI/O-GY (Gr. palaios, ancient- onta, beings; and logos, discourse). 

 The science of fossil remains or of extinct organized beings. 



PA-L.E-O-ZO'IO (Gr. palaios, ancient ; and zoe, life). Applied to the oldest of 

 the great geological epochs. 



PAL'LI-AL. 



PAL-LI-O-BRA^-CHI-A'TA (Lat. pallium ; and Gr. bragchia, gills). An old name 

 for the Brachiopoda, founded upon the belief that the system of tubes in 

 the mantle constituted the gills. 



PAL'LI-UM (Lat. pallium, a cloak). The mantle of the Mollusca. Pallial : 

 relating to the mantle. Pallial line or impression : the line left in the dead 

 shell by the muscular margin of the mantle. Pallial shell : a shell which 

 is secreted by, or contained within, the mantle, such as the " bone " of the 

 Cuttle-fishes. 



PAL'PI (Lat. palpo, I touch). Processes supposed to be organs of touch, de- 

 veloped from certain of the oral appendages in Insects, Spiders, and Crus- 

 tacea, and from the sides of the mouth in the Acephalous Molluscs. 



PA-PIL'LA (Lat. for nipple). A minute soft prominence. 



PAR-A-PO'DI-A (Gr. para, beside ; podes, feet). The unarticulated lateral loco- 

 motive processes or "foot-tubercles" of many of the Annelida. 



PA-RI'E-TAL (Lat. paries, a wall). Connected with the walls of a cavity or of 

 the body. 



PA-Ri-E-To-spLANCH'iac (Lat. paries; Gr. splagchna, viscera). Applied to 

 one of the nervous ganglia of the Mollusca, which supplies the walls of the 

 body and the viscera. 



PAR-THEN-O-GEN'E-SIS (Gr. parthenos, a virgin ; and genesis, production). 

 Strictly speaking, confined to the production of new individuals from virgin 

 females by means of ova without the intervention of a male. Sometimes 

 used also to designate a sexual reproduction by gemmation or fission. 



PAT-A-GI'UM (Lat. for the border of a dress). Applied to the expansion of the 

 integument by which Bats, Flying Squirrels, and other animals support 

 themselves in the air. 



PA-TEI/LA (Lat. for the knee-cap or knee-pan). A sesamoid bone devel- 

 oped in the tendon of insertion of the great extensor muscles of the thigh. 



PEC'TI-NATE (Lat. pecten, a comb). Comb-like ; applied to the gills of certain 

 Gasteropods, hence called Pectinibranchiata. 



PEC'TO-RAL (Lat. pectus, chest). Connected with, or placed upon, the chest. 



PE'DAL (Lat. pes, the foot). Connected with the foot of Mollusca. 



PED-I-CEL-LA RI-.E (Lat. pedicellus, a louse). Certain singular appendages 

 found in many Echinoaerms, attached to the surface of tne body, and re- 

 sembling a little beak or forceps supported on a stalk. 



PED'I-CLE (Lat. dimin. of pes, the foot). A little stem. 



PED-I-PAL'PI (Lat. pes, foot ; and palpo, I feel). An order of Arachnida 

 comprising the Scorpions, etc. 



PE-DUN'CLE ^Lat. pedunculus, a stem or stalk). In a restricted sense applied 

 to the muscular process by which certain Brachiopods are attached, and to 

 the stem which bears the body (capitulum) in Barnacles. 



PE-DUN'CU-LATE. Possessing a peduncle. 



PE-DUN'CU-LA-TED. 



PE-LAO'IO (Gr. pelagos, sea). Inhabiting the open ocean. 



PEI/VIS (Lat. for basin). Applied, from analogy, to the basal portion of the 

 cup (calyx) of Cr^no^ds. Tne body arch with, which the hind-limbs are 

 connected in Vertebrates. 



