GLANDERS. 203 



minutes, dip into absolute alcohol colored with a little 

 methylene blue, dehydrate in anilin oil containing a 

 little methylene blue in solution, wash in pure anilin 

 oil, not colored, then in a light ethereal oil, clear in 

 xylol, and mount in balsam. 



When stained in sections of tissue the bacilli are 

 found to occupy the interior of small inflammatory zones 

 not unlike tubercles in appearance. These nodules can 

 be seen with the naked eye scattered through the livers, 

 kidneys, and spleens of animals dead of experimental 

 glanders. The nodules consist principally of leucocytes, 

 but also contain numerous epithelioid cells. As is the case 

 with tubercles, the centres of the nodules are prone to 

 degenerate, soften, and also to suppurate. The retro- 

 gressive processes upon exposed surfaces, where the break- 

 ing down of the nodules allows their contents to escape, 

 are the sources of the typical ulcerations. At times the 

 process is progressive, and some of the lesions heal by 

 the formation of a stellate scar. 



As has been mentioned, cultures of the bacillus lose 

 their virulence more or less after four or five generations 

 in artificial media. While this is true, attempts to atten- 

 uate fresh cultures by heat, etc. have so far failed. 



Leo has pointed out that white rats, which are immune 

 to the disease, may be made susceptible by feeding with 

 phloridzin and causing a glycosuria. 



Kalning, Preusse, Pearson, and others have pre- 

 pared a substance, "mallein," from cultures of the 

 bacillus, and suggested its employment for diagnostic 

 purposes. It seems to be quite useful in veterinary 

 medicine, the reaction occasioned by its injection being 

 similar to that caused by the injection of tuberculin in 

 tuberculous patients. The manufacture of mallein is 

 not attended with great difficulty. The bacilli are grown 

 in glycerin bouillon for several weeks, killed by heat, the 

 culture filtered through porcelain and evaporated to one- 

 tenth of its volume. It has also been prepared from 

 potato cultures, which are said to produce a stronger 



