290 PA THOGENIC BA CTERIA. 



ticaemie ' ' for the condition. In the intestines very few 

 alterations are noticeable, and very few spirilla can be 

 found. 



Garnaleia has shown that pigeons and guinea-pigs can 

 be made immune by inoculating them with cultures ster- 

 ilized for a time at a temperature of 100 C. Mice and 

 rabbits are immune except to very large doses. 



Spirillum Berolinensis. This organism (Fig. 88), 



FIG. 88. Spirillum Berolinensis, from an agar-agar culture ; x 1000 (Itzerott 



and Niemann). 



which was discovered by Neisser in the summer of 1893, 

 is of great interest in comparison with the spirillum of 

 cholera and its related forms. Its morphology is in every 

 particular exactly like that of the cholera spirillum, but 

 its growth is a little more rapid. It grows upon the 

 same culture-media and at the same temperature. The 

 colonies are, however, quite different. 



Upon the second day, when grown upon gelatin 

 plates, the colonies of the Spirillum Berolinensis appear 

 finely granular and paler than those of cholera. The 

 borders are generally smooth and circular. As it be- 

 comes older the colony takes on a slightly brownish 

 color, and may be nodulated or radiately lobulated. The 

 gelatin is very slowly liquefied. 



