PNEUMONIA. 303 



into the lung is therefore only a matter of accident, and 

 an unusually long sigh, a deep inspiration before a cough 

 or sneeze, or some unusual respiratory movement, serves 

 to draw it into the bronchioles, which are normally free 

 from bacteria. 



In the opinion of most authorities, something more 

 than the simple entrance of the bacterium into the lung 

 is required for the production of the disease, but what 

 that something is, is still a matter of doubt. It would 

 seem to be some systemic depravity, and in support of this 

 view we may point out that pneumonia is very frequent, 

 and almost universally fatal, among drunkards. Whether, 

 however, any vital depression or systemic depravity will 

 predispose to the disease, or whether it depends for its 

 origin upon the presence of a certain leucomaine, time 

 and further study will be required to tell. 



Bacillus Pneumonia of Friedldnder (Fig. 97). An un- 



FIG. 97. Bacillus pneumoniae of Friedlander, from the expectoration of a 

 pneumonia patient; x 1000 (Frankel and Pfeiffer). 



fortunate accident has applied the name "pneumococcus" 

 to an organism very different from the one just described. 

 It was discovered by Friedlander in 1883 in the exudate 

 from the lung in croupous pneumonia, and, being thought 



