tJie Trondlijem Fiord. 115 



tion of the figures * shows It to be iucru.stiug the main stem 

 and extremities of the branehes of some such seaweed as 

 Cladostephus verticiUatiis^ Lightfoot. The magnified view is 

 taken from tlie extremity of a branch, and apparently the ver- 

 ticillate ramuli of the seaweed havecompelhxl a corresponding 

 verticiHate arrangement of the zocccia of tiic ))olyzoon. I have 

 seen such an arrangement, tiiough not so marked, at the ex- 

 tremity of a zoarium coating a seaweed (PI. Vll. fig. 1). 

 Moreover the quincuncial disposition of the zooecia is some- 

 times departed from in EJectra pilosa without any apparent 

 cause, since in the widest foliations of an erect Flustriform 

 variety of the species {xnv.JIastri'fbrmis, specimen «, presently 

 to be described), which I dredged at Floro, there occur many 

 succeeding transverse rows of cells arranged parallelly side by 

 side across the frond (see PI. VI. fig. 6). 



8. Electra pilosa, Linn,, var. carhasiiformis , Norman. ( PI, VIT. 

 fig. 2.) 



The only example of the species found was taken at 

 Eiklberg living absolutely free and in a " Ilemescharau " state. 

 It is described below under the above name, and is the only 

 specimen I have ever seen or heard of in which this mode of 

 growth has been assumed by the species. 



I take this opportunity of directing attention to the extra- 

 ordinary variation exhibited in this species. The variations 

 may be divided into two classes — first, as regards the struc- 

 ture of the zocecia themselves, and, secondly, as affects the 

 ultimate forms into which the zooecia arrange themselves. 

 The zooecium is normally more or less produced at the base, 

 and this basal portion is always, when present, beautifully 

 punctate ; in advance of this crustaceous hinder portion comes 

 the area, usually ovate, sometimes nearly oblong, covered 

 with a thin membrane, at the anterior end of which is the 

 small mouth-opening ; the enclosing calcareous margins of the 

 area are almost invariably furnished with spines ranging 

 from four to ten in number in different varieties on the lateral 

 margin, and one at the centre of the hinder margin, rarely 

 of the same size and character as those of the sides, but 

 usually conspicuously larger and stouter, or converted into a 

 setose appendage, which attains often gigantic proportions ; 

 and in one instance 1 have seen, in addition to this great seta, 

 one, two, or three of the neighbouring lateral spines, together 

 with the basal spine, changed into great seta3 (PI. VI. fig. 4), 



* Lamouroux, Expos, method des genres de I'Ordre des Polypiers, 

 pi. iv, fig.s. a, A. 



8* 



