Miscellaneous. 375 



curvimoUi is regarded as the tyi)e of the genus, being the only species 

 in which iU* characters are fully shown. Oalt'.^aurus 2)lanicej>s, wliich 

 was the typo of tlie Cyuodoutia, is probably distinct from I\i/t/ioSitunis 

 larvanui, and from Sir 11. Owen's second type of Galesauriis plant - 

 ctps of 18.S7, which is referred to as Thriniurodon liorhinns. ^hlitro- 

 sanrusftlinus agrees with Gulesaurus in haNnng a transverse devolop- 

 mentof bones of the palate, regarded as palatine and transverse, which 

 abut toward the inner side of the lower jaw. The palate in this 

 geuus is found to be covered with groups of small tcetli with conical 

 crowns, which are unknown in Lifcosuurus. The palate of //ycosfturHs 

 curviinolu is found and described in the type specimen. It shows 

 a transverse development of the palatine arch abutting against the 

 lower jaw, behind which is a long compressed sphenoidal keel 

 flanked by narrow pterygoid bones. The occipital condyles do not 

 ai)pcar to be prominently developed in Li/cosauncs. The genus is 

 regarded as the typo of a division of the Theriodontia, defined by 

 having the molar teeth pointed and without cusps. A snout from 

 Tamboer, named PrisUrognathus poh/odon, is referred to this group. 

 It is characterized by six incisor teeth in each premaxillary bone 

 and three incisor teeth in each ramus of the mandible, followed by 

 canine teeth and small molars of Lycosaiirian type. 



Professor Cope's definition of the Theriodontia as distinguished 

 from the Auomodontia by characters of the post-orbital arch is re- 

 garded as unsupported by evidence. The author would limit the 

 Theriodontia to animals which conform to Sir 11. Owen's original 

 definition based on the dentition (1876), and have temporal vacuities 

 and a small ijuadrate bone. It would then include the Lycosauria, 

 with type L>/msaurm curvimola ; the Cynodontia, with Oi/nognathus 

 crateronotas { sp. n.) and Thnmuvodon liorhinus as types ; and a group 

 of South-African lieptiles named Gomphodontia, based upon new 

 genera Gomplioyuathns and Trirachodoii, which have the molar 

 teeth with flattened cuspidate crowns more or less worn witli use. 

 The palate is formed on the type of Lycosaurus in these Therio- 

 dontia. 



Gorgonops is closely allied to Theriodonts in its dentition (though 

 no molar teeth are known). The skull is closed behind as in 

 Kistecejjhalns, and the temporal vacuities are roofed. It appears 

 to show a palate formed on the same plan as in Theriodontia so 

 far as its transverse development is concerned, but it has not any 

 hard palate extending above the posterior nares as in Theriodontia. 

 It is regarded as the type of a distinct group, named Gorgonopsia. 



The Pareiasauria have the same transverse palatine arch, abutting 

 against the lower jaw, but not developed downward to the same 

 extent, as in Theriodontia. Its hard palate appears to be carried 

 back behind the teeth, so that the posterior nares are further back 

 than in the Theriodontia. It differs from the Theriodontia in the 

 slight development of the corouoid process of the lower jaw, and in 

 having the temporal vacuities roofed ; and from the Gorgonopsia in 

 having the skull open behind, and in having no canine teeth. 



The Eudothiodont type is believed to show the transverse descend- 

 ing palatal arch between the rami of the mandible. Fristerodon is 

 regarded as possibly Eudothiodont; and Endothiodon uniseries is 



