34 M. Oscar von Grimm on the Agamic Reproduction 



sides of the abdominal segments exhibit longitudinal brown 

 chitinous bands (c J), which serve as a support for the extremely 

 delicate outer integument ; these bands in the penultimate 

 segment terminate in somewhat dilated lamellae furnished at 

 the margin with a few claw-like processes, which give them a 

 still closer resemblance to a claw. In the middle of the lower 

 surface of the same segment there are two oval apertures {go), 

 through which the mature ova are expelled. Behind these is 

 the smaller, but likewise oval, rudimentary anal orifice (a o) . The 

 very small terminal segment has on each side a rounded plate 

 fm-nished on its margins with a series of very long and deli- 

 cate hairs. At the boundary between every two abdominal 

 segments a plumose hair is attached on each side to a cup- 

 shaped cell ; these are present also in the larva. The thorax 

 is dilated on the dorsal surface into a shield {pn)^ which covers 

 the head from above. At the sides of the thorax the embryonic 

 wings {iv) are attached, forming cases consisting of an extremely 

 delicate membrane, which conceal within them the wings of 

 the imago already formed and folded together. The wings of 

 the perfect insect are developed even in the larva ; for even in 

 the youngest pupse we may already see the hairs with which 

 the wings are covered. The three pairs of legs are attached 

 to the pectoral surface of the thorax ; the first pair, seated at 

 some distance from the posterior legs, have 4-jointed tarsi ; 

 the middle legs have 5-jointed, and the posterior again only 

 4-jointed tarsi. These legs are really the perfectly developed 

 legs of the imago, only covered, in the same way as the wings, 

 by a delicate envelope, through which the claws shimmer in 

 the same way as tlie hairs of the wings. They are immo- 

 vable ; and being bent round the wings, they lie with these 

 altogether upon the ventral surface of the pupa ; so that all 

 these structures together appear to the observer, at the first 

 glance, exceedingly curious appendages ; and this singularity 

 of appearance is still further increased, because the pupa, in 

 consequence of the wings lying thus upon its belly, swims 

 about upon its back. 



As already stated, the head of the pupa, when viewed from 

 the side, is not unlike that of a cat. It is elongated and 

 roimded off. At the sides of the head are the large, very promi- 

 nent, pyriform eyes, between which the G-jointed antenuie are 

 attached. The mouth consists of a round aperture, which is 

 situated at the apex of the conical cephalic appendage. The 

 piipa has neither jaws nor proboscis, as it takes no nom-ish- 

 ment. Superiorly this buccal ap})ondage is covered by a row 

 of strong and rather long seta?, the tips of which ai-e approxi- 

 mate. The 4-jointed palpi are attached at the sides. Above 



