202 Prof. K. Mbbius vn the Nourishment of 



1870*. From this I only extract, by way of example, the 

 following : — 



The temperature of the sur&ce of the sea is : — 



in January. in July. 



On the Norwegian coast between Tromso 

 and Drontheim 



Near Bergen 



On the west coast of Scotland 



On the west coast of Iceland 



On the east coast of North America, near 

 Boston 



R. 



12 R. 



In the temperature-measurements of the ' Porcupine ' Ex- 

 pedition carried out in the summer of 1869 under the superin- 

 tendence of the English investigators Carpenter, Jeffreys, and 

 Thomson, the surface was found to be much warmer than the 

 deeper strata of the water, as shown by the following numbers, 

 which I select from a table furnished by Thomson (Peter- 

 mann, I. c. p. 235) : — 



Temperature 



of the surface 



in July. 



Temp, of the 

 surface in Ja-] Temperatxire 

 nuary, accord-, of the depths 

 ing to Peter-- in July, 

 mann's chart, i 



Depth in 

 Fatnoms. 



Atlantic ocean, west of 

 Scotland 



iri R. 

 iroR. 



10-6 R. 



7°R. 



Between the Shetland and 



Faroe Islands 



Atlantic Ocean, in thej 



west of the Bav of Bis-i 



cay, 47° 38' N. "lat 14°-9 R 



8°-9 R. ! 4-0° R. 



9°R. 



2°-3 R. 

 2°-lR. 

 2° -2 R. 



0°-9 R. 



2°R. 



1263 

 1204 

 1380 



345 



2435 



In regions of the sea where the uppermost stratum of water, 

 even on the coldest days, docs not acquire so low a tempera- 

 ture as the deepest strata constantly maintain, in consequence 

 of inferior currents from colder seas, descending currents must 

 likewise pass down from the shore-regions towards the deeps, 

 and persist until the progressive cooling of the surface ceases. 

 In this case, indeed, the descending water itself will not attain 

 the bottom lying beneath it ; but the organic masses which it 

 carried down from higher regions are there seized upon by 

 still deeper cold ciirrents, with which the last and finest re- 

 mains of them finally get into the greatest depths, and there 

 remain as the materials of mud (Schlick, ooze). 



* Mittheihmpen aiis Perthes' Geopr. Aiist. Bd. xvi. Heft 6 i^- 7. 



