atid its closest Allies. 271 



of moasurcincnts below (p. 282), settle the identifieatiou : 

 Ph. (jrncilis is a syiionyiu of //. coffer ti/jjicus of the prcseut 

 paper. 



Nineteen years later * Peters arrived at the conclusion that 

 Ph. gracUis was based on aged individuals of H. caffer, and 

 pointed out tlic following four diHcrcnces between old 

 specimens and full-grown youngs : in old individuals the ears 

 are longer; the third metacarpal always somewhat longer 

 than the fourth (in young adults a little shorter than, or 

 equal to, the fourth) ; the tibia longer; the wing-membrane 

 inserted higher up on the tibia. I have carefully tested 

 these statements on the large series, of all races and ages, at 

 my disposal, and found that none of them holds good f ; I 

 often found in young adults (epiphyses of metacarpals not 

 ossified) one, or several, or even all of the peculiarities 

 believed by Peters to be characteristic of aged specimens. 

 The slight variations are quite individual. 



Phyllorh'ina fuliyinosa, Temm. ; 1853 %. — Based on a single 

 specimen, an adult female, from the Gold Coast, collected by 

 ^I. Pel. From Temminek's original description it appears 

 that he sej)arated Ph. fuliyinoHa from Ph. caffrn mainly on 

 account of its colour, which is stated to be "d'un roux de 

 rouille vif-*^ on the upper^ide; he gives the length of the 

 forearm "2 ponces" (545 ram.), and mentions that the 

 specimen has no frontal sac ; as to the latter point he adds 

 that the type and only individual examined being a female, 

 "on ne pent indicjuer .... s'il est certain que le male soit 

 pourvu d'uu syj)l:on." ^Vith regard to these three characters 

 it must be said that the red colour otfuliyinosus would be no 

 proof of its specific distinctness, since also //. cnffer has a red 

 phase; that the forearm, if Temminek's statement were correct, 

 would be only 0'5 mm. longer than in the largest caffer I 

 have seen ; and that the absence of a frontal sac in the female 

 oH fulir/inosus does not imply that it is different from caffer, 

 in which the sac is also invariably absent in the females. 

 Thus the author of //. fulif/ino.'ius does not give us any means 

 by which to distinguish it from //. caffer. 



Petirs§ examined the type oi fuliginosns '\n i\\e Leiden 

 Museum, and he had, furthermore, an example from 



* W. Petero, " Ueber die Gattiinrren und Arten der Hufeisennasen, 

 Bhinoluphiy MB. Akftd. Berlin, 1^71, p. 32"). 



t See also niv remarks on II. Commersoni and gigas, Ann. & Mag. 

 N. n., Jan. VMh, p. 40. footnote. 



X C. J. Temminck, 'Esquisaes zoologiques sur la c6te de Guin^re",' 

 pp. 77-78; Leiden, 1&53. 



5 W. I'eters, MB. Akad. Berlin, 1871, p. ."24. 



19' 



