Dwarf Form of the African Elephant. 503 



Tlic car is remarkably sninll and its transverse diameter is 

 more flian a quarter less than tliat of a specimen tVom the 

 Cameroons of equal size. Tlio shape is also entirely different. 

 In the case of the young Cameroons elephant the anterior 

 mar<i;in projects in a flat curve behind the base of the ear, the 

 ))osterior half of the ear forms almost a semicircle, the lower 

 margin is stiaight, and the anterior lower lobe is rectangular. 

 This is the type of Elephas cyclutis. In the case of E. oxyotis 

 the upper margin of the ear is perfectly straight, while the 

 anterior lobe is produced forwards into a point. 



In E. 2>umilio, on the other hand, the anterior upper part 

 of the car is sharply marked off from the ear-base in a 

 decided curve, and the up))er margin runs in a flat curve 

 obliquely backwards and downwards, so that the posterior 

 half of the ear amounts to much less than a semicircle, and 

 the posterior margin is rounded off below in a much shallower 

 curve than in the case of E. cyclotis. 



The lower margin of the ear is not straigiit, but before the 

 middle curves inwards somewhat sharply, so that the anterior 

 lobe has a decided downward direction. The lobe is not 

 rectangular in shaj)e, as in the case of the elephant from the 

 Cameroons, but ends in a rounded point ; consequently the 

 anterior contour of the ear is not straight and short, as in 

 E. cyclotis, but decidedly rounded and much longer than in 

 the case of the latter. 



The skin oi E. piimilio is much smoother and less wrinkled 

 than that of E. cyclotis^ or, indeed, of any other African 

 elephant. The trunk in particular is almost entirely without 

 the transverse wrinkles characteristic of E. afri'canus, so that 

 it resembles that of the Asiatic elephant. It diminishes but 

 little towards the orifice; on the other hand, fur about 10 cm. 

 at the end it is very thin, and this portion is rather sharply 

 marked off from the rest of the trunk. The orifice has tiiin 

 edges. 



Ilerr Hagenbeck and I were ngreed that the animal in no 

 way presented the appearance of being possibly stunted and 

 backward, but that the impression that it gave us was that of 

 a well-developed elephant, not very old, but at the same time 

 not absolutely young. This first specimen of Elephas puinilio, 

 which is undoubtedly of the greatest scientific interest, soon 

 found a purchaser in North America. 



