HORSE CONTROL 19 



slioukU'i's, and the slioukkrs in relation to tlie (luarters. 

 Tliey can even act indirectly on the (luarters, by 

 ,i,avin<^' to the shoulders a position which obli<^as the 

 (quarters to change their direction, i.e. they oi)pose 

 the shoulders to the quarters. 



These different effects depend upon the direction 

 given to the tension on the rein, according as the hand 

 is carried more or less forward or backward, more or 

 less to the right or left, more or less upwards or 

 downwards. 



The various actions of the hand can be grouped in 

 live main series, but this is a purely theoretical division, 

 which helps in the study and application of the aids. 

 Between these extreme actions, forward to the right, 

 backward to the right, backward to the left, and for- 

 ward to the left, there are numberless directions, or 

 tensions, which form as it were a keyboard, on w^hich 

 the rider will find the right note all the more quickly 

 in accordance with his knowledge, experience, and 



der 

 ERRATA. the 



On page 18. second paragraph, first line, the word ned 



jerks " should read " shakes." on 



(b) If the rider increases the movement of the 

 right hand towards the right, the neck follows the 

 head, the shoulders follow the neck, and the horse 

 looks to the right, whilst advancing. 



2. By giving to the right opened rein a backward 

 tension, the rider draws his horse's shoulders backwards 

 and to the right, and forces him to throw his quarters 

 to the left. The rein is now^ called the direct rein of 

 uppubitiun. This action is produced by lowering the 



