THE OBJECT OF BREAKING 61 



proceeds in the same way in a circle to the other hand. 

 If the horse hesitates to move forward, the instructor 

 moves backwards towards the quarters, yielding the 

 rein at the same time. If necessary, he can get the 

 assistance of another man. The important point 

 is not to be rough with the horse, nor by frightening 

 him to make him pull backwards. When the horse 

 works well to both hands, calm and at the walk on a 

 small circle, the rest of the training is a simple matter. 



The instructor makes him first trot, then canter ; 

 to increase the pace he uses his voice or the indications 

 of the long whip ; he at first always follows the horse 

 on the circle, walking behind him on a level with the 

 quarters ; moving on the contrary towards the 

 shoulders, if he wishes to stop : it is only little by little 

 that he decreases the circles, and he himself follows till 

 he becomes nearly stationary. 



The length of the radius depends upon the speed. 

 The cadenced trot on a small circle is an excellent 

 exercise for the young horse ; on the other hand, at 

 an extended trot, or at the canter, there would be 

 danger in restricting to a small circle animals whose 

 joints are essentially weak. 



If the horse rushes off suddenly, it is necessary first 

 to yield the rein freely, then to oppose the movement 

 and bring the horse back little by little. 



If the horse stops, one can make use of the long 

 whip to force him to move forward, directing it tow^ards 

 the quarters. If the horse comes in closer, he should 

 be sent out again by directing the long whip towards his 

 shoulders. 



If the horse pulls violently at the rein when working 

 at the fast paces, it is a proof that sufficient time has 

 not been taken in the training. He should be stopped 



