TRAINING 125 



which ought to be respected, and to ask him to show 

 a wiUiiigness which the aids of the rider, at any rate 

 at the commencement of training, cannot enforce, in 

 case of refusal. 



Practical outdoor horsemanship enables one to 

 group the difficulties wliich the horse offers, when 

 being ridden over jumps, in a small number of defences, 

 which need only be known to be promptly remedied. 

 Experience has also proved that, in most cases, the 

 horse limits his resistances to one or two defences, 

 which he invariably makes use of. 



When a horse refuses to jump, the first thing for 

 the rider to do — as also for the instructor, who in case 

 of necessity should point out the remedy, or take the 

 place of the rider — is to consider the nature of the 

 defence. 



If the horse has shown on the lunge sufficient 

 power, and if his education has been properly carried 

 out, there can be only two reasons for his refusal to 

 jump when mounted : either he refuses to obey the 

 aids, or the rider has not sufficient tact. In the first 

 case it is best not to insist, and to perfect the training, 

 before recommencing the jumping lessons. 



If the refusal is caused by w^ant of skill on the rider's 

 part, it is sufficient in most cases to explain to him 

 the fault he has made, in order to obtain the immediate 

 obedience of the horse. 



The different ways in which a horse refuses to jump 

 can be grouped as follows : — 

 {a) The horse stops short. 



(6) He turns off some distance from the jump, 

 (c) He swerves when near the jump. 



(a) If the horse stops short it is owing to want of 

 impulsion, or fear of the rider's hand. When there is 



