HEMOCIIROMA TOSI S 487 



iai to analysis after isolation, found 3.70 per cent, of sulphur, from 

 which he considers that it is related to the nielanins or melanoid sub- 

 stances. The substance is readily dissolved by alkalies, and con- 

 tains no iron. According to Taranoukhinc,''' the pigment in the myo- 

 cardium in brown atrophy of the heart is also derived from proteins, and 

 is neither a lipochrome nor a hemoglobin derivative. Other observers, 

 however, consider this pigment a lipochrome or a lipofuscin. It is 

 probable that the name hemofuscin has been given to several different 

 pigments, which resemble one another only in that they do not con- 

 tain iron. Strater^"* says that the name hemofuscin cannot be used for 

 the pigment of the involuntary muscles, as he finds evidence that it 

 does not arise from hemoglobin and is probably a waste pigment; but 

 hemofuscin is found in epithelial and connective tissue cells. 



Hemochromatosis."'' — -This name was given by von Reckling- 

 hausen to a condition in which the organs and tissues throughout the 

 body are abundantly infiltrated with two pigments; one, iron-con- 

 taining, identical with hemosiderin; the other seems to be the same 

 as the hemofuscin described above. It is usually distinguished from 

 general hemosiderosis in which only the iron pigment is deposited, ^^ 

 although there are numerous observers who believe that all the pigment 

 in hemochromatosis contains iron, but in some of the pigment the 

 iron is firmly bound and difficult of demonstration. The hemosiderin 

 is found chiefly in the parenchyma cells of the glandular organs, espec- 

 ially the liver and pancreas, which organs usually show marked inter- 

 stitial proliferation. The hemofuscin is found in the smooth muscle 

 fibers of the gastro-intestinal tract, blood vessels, and genito-urinary 

 tract. Under the heading of local hemochromatosis, von Reckling- 

 hausen grouped such conditions as brown atrophy of the heart and 

 pigmentation of the intestinal wall, which probably are quite distinct 

 from the generalized hemochromatosis, since the local form occurs as a 

 physiological process in old age. Hess and Zurhelle found 38.7 gm. 

 of iron in the liver in one case (the normal amount is 0.3 gm.), and 

 Bernouille'^^ found 18.3 gm. or 2.95 per cent, of the dry weight in 

 the liver, 2.65 per cent, in the pancreas, and the same in the spleen. 

 Anschiitz found 14.69 per cent, in the lymph glands, 7.62 per cent, in 

 the liver, and 5 per cent, in the pancreas of a case. Muir and Dunn^^ 

 obtained the following percentage figures: Liver, 6.43; pancreas, 

 2.49; spleen, 0.825; retroperitoneal glands, 11.64; kidneys, 0.406; 



13 RousskyArch. Patol., 1900 (10), 441. ,. 



1^ Virchow's Arch., 1914 (218), 1. 



15 Literature given by Sprunt, Arch. Int. Med., 1911 (81, 75; Potter and Milne, 

 Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 1911 (143), 46; Roth, Deut. Arch. klin. Med., 1915 (117), 

 224; McCreery, Canada Med. Assoc. Jour., 1917 (7), 481; Howard and Stevens, 

 Arch. Int. Med., 1917 (20), 896. 



'^ In lower animals occurs a form of hemochromatosis affecting especially the 

 bones, and sometimes mistaken for ochronosis. (See Teutschlacnder, \'irchow's 

 Arch., 1914 (217), 393.) 



1' Corr.-Bl. Schweiz. Aertze, 1911 (40), 610. 



18 Jour. Path, and Bact., 1914 (19), 226. 



