86 A\zv.i//;,s' 



associated witli a liii:li iioii-pi'otciii iiilro^cu ligure for the serum.^®° 

 The relation of the autolytic enzymes to the increased proteolytic 

 l)()wer of serum, as evidenced in the Abderhalden reaction {q.v.) has 

 not yet been determined,^'"' but Falls finds evidence of their correla- 

 tion.''"' Blood proteases are also increased in pregnancy. They 

 bear no constant relation to the leucocyte count. 



Influence of Chemicals on Autolysis. — As a general rule the addition of anti- 

 seplics lo tissues to prevent liaderiai action reduces tlie rate of autolysi.s, but 

 as most of tlie results of "aseptic" autolysis so far reported are open to question, 

 there is a reasonable doubt a.s to just how much depression of autolysis there is. 

 Yoshinioto^o finds that of the antiseptics ordinarily used, salicylic acid, boric 

 ai-id, and mustard oil (one-eiirhth saturated solution) permit tlie greatest auto- 

 lysis: but it is probable that the acidity of the lirst two antiseptics plays an 

 ini|)()rtant ]>art by trausforming pro/ynics into en/.ymes and by destroying in- 

 hibiting substances, hence the value of the results obtained in autolysis with these 

 acids is questionable. However, sodium salicylate and benzoate are said to 

 favor autolysis (Laqueur^i). Toluene seems to interfere much less with auto- 

 lysis than chloroform or thymol (Benson and Wells -2), and bromides are less 

 harmful tiian toluene (Laqueur). Toluene vapor, acting on solid aseptic tis- 

 sues, seems to cause more depression of autolysis than is usually observed in 

 autolysis in solution. 23 Dorothy Court -* found the only satisfactory antiseptics 

 to be chloroform, formaldehyde, benzoic and salicylic acids, and IIXC; she em- 

 phasizes the fact that for dillVrcnt sorts of niat(>rials tiie diti'erent antiseptics 

 give variable results, so that the antiseptic used should be selected with reference 

 to the material. Autolysis proceeds rapidly in weak ethyl alcohol, 5 per cent, 

 being the minimum strength that will prevent putrefaction: for complete sup- 

 pression t)f autolysis by alcohol the strength must be at least 00 per cent, net, after 

 allowing for the water content of the tissues (Wells and Caldwell) .2-i;i 



Certain inorganic substances in proper concentrations may increase the rate 

 of autolysis [mercury 2s and silver, 20 (colloidal or salts)], yellow phosphorus, 2" 

 iodides, 2s arsenic, 2!> CaClo,30 salts of Fe, Mg, and cobalt,''i as well as salts of 

 selenium, tellurium, 32 and manganese, 32a colloidal sulfur "^i) but not colloidal 

 carbon. 3'.;i- The favorable concentrations of these metals are very low: thus 

 the o])tim\un proportion of arsenic is 0.007 milligrams |)er 1 gm. tissue, while 0.04 

 mg. inhibits autolysis. ('()._. increases and oxygen decreases autolysis 3-ia jn litro 



is'cSee Schul/. Miiii.l:, nied. Wodi. ]!)l:i ((iO), 2.)12; Mandelbaum, ibid.. 1014 

 (61), 401. 



ii'«l See Sloan, Anier. .b>ur. I'liysiol., litl.-) (30), 0. 

 2oZeit. physiol. Chem., 1908 (58), 341. 



21 Zeit. phVsiol. Chem., 1012 (70), 38 and tif). 



22 .Jour. Hiol. Chem., 1010 (8), 01. 



23 Cruick.shank, Jour. Path, and Bact., 1011 (l(i), 107. 



24 Proc. Rov. Soc, Edinburgh, 1012 (32), 251. 

 2-Ja,Tour. Biol. Chem.. 1014 (10). 57. 



2-. Trufli, Biochem. Zeit., 1010 (23), 270. 



2«Izar, ihiiL, 1000 (20). 240. 



2i Sa\l, llofmeister's Beitr.. 1007 (10), 447; Vin-liow's Arch.. 1010 i202), 140. 



2*' Kepiiiow. Hiocheni. Zeit., 1011 (37*. 23S : Kaschiwali;ii-a, Zeit. ]ili\si<)l. Cliein., 

 1012 (H2), -42.'). 



2» Izar, Miochem. Zeit., 1000 (21), 4(); Laqueur and I'.ttiuLier. Zeit. phxsiol 

 Chem., 1012 (70). 1. 



aoBriill, Biochem. Zeit., 1010 (20), 408. 



31 Pn-ti. Zeit. phvsiol. Clieiii., IMOil (OOi, 317: I'niliiii. I!ineheiii. Zeit.. 1012 

 (47). 30(i. 



32 Kasiani, .\rcli. sci. med., 1012 (30), 430. 



•■"2.1 I'.iadlev, .lour. I5i(.l. (hem.. 1015 (21), 200: 1015 (221, 11.3. 

 ;>2i> Kagiiioli. JtiiM-heMi. Zeit.. 101.3 (50). 20 1. 

 •«2<- i/ar and I'atane. ihiil.. \>. .307. 



•''•''II .M. .Moise found iiwgen uithnut eMeet mi aMtul\si>. Hiocheni. Uullef I0l5 

 (5). 143. 



