BACTERIAL ES'/A MKS 



115 



ENZYMES IIYDKATIXG CARBOHYDRATES 39 



Amylase. Maltase. Invertase. Lactase. 



1. Antlirax + 



2. Cliolera + 



'^. Coli foiniiiunis — 



4. 'ryi)lu)i(l — 



5. l)i|)litlioria — 



(i. Slapli. ])yo<;eiios aureus — 



7. J.ac-tis aerogenes .... — 



8. Pyocyaiieus — 



0. Violacoii.s — 



1(K Mycoidcs + 



11. Prodigiosus — 



12. Saecharomyces niger ... — 



13. Saecharomyces neoformaus — 



14. Aspergillus niger . . . . + 



15. Aspergillus oryzoe . . . . + 



PROTEOLYTIC ENZYMES, DIGESTING 



Inulase. 



+ 

 + 

 + 

 + 



+ 

 + 



+ 



+ 



+ 



+ 



Rennin is produced by many bacteria, as is shown by their coagu- 

 lating milk, independent of any acid reaction," and protease from 

 pyocyaneus causes "pilastein" formation in albumose solutions (Zak).*^ 

 Bacteria which give negative results by the plate method may con- 

 tain active lipase demonstrable in killed bacteria by direct action 

 upon fats and esters, these lipases behaving exactly like the lipase of 

 animal tissues (Wells and Corper) ; ■*- staphylococcus and pyocyaneus 

 are more actively lipolytic than B. coli, B. dysenteri<t and B. tuber- 

 culosis. 



Schmailowitsch *^ stated that the amount and nature of enzymes 

 produced hy bacteria is modified by the amount and nature of their 

 food, but Jordan found that gelatinase is produced by bacteria grow- 

 ing on non-protein media; he failed entirely to support the statement 

 of Abbott and Gildersleeve ** that bacteria grown on gelatin produce 

 )nuch more active gelatin-dissolving enzyme than do bacteria grown 



39 III relation to carbohydrate enzymes, the extensive studies of Kendall (Jour. 

 Biol, ('hem., 1912, vol. 12) should be con.sulted. He empliasizes especially tiiat as 

 a rule bacteria ferment carboliydrates in preference to attacking proteins wlien 

 botli foodstutt's are availabh>. 



40 Contradicted bv DeWaele, Cent. f. Bakt., 1905 (39), 353. 



41 Hofmeister's Beitr., 1907 (10), 287. 



42 Jour. Infect. Dis., 1912 (11), 388; literature on bacterial lipases. See also 

 Kendall. 



43 Wratschebnaja Gazetta, 1902. p. 52. 



44 Jour. Med. Research, 1903 (10), 42. 



