258 IXFLAMMATIOX, REGENERATION, GROWTH 



potassium salts (1-0.1 per cent.); (c) phenol; (d) anti- 

 pyrin; (e) phloridzin ; (/) papayotin (in frog) ; ( g) glyco- 

 gen; (h) peptone; (i) bouillon; (j) blood and aqueous 

 humor; (k) carmine. 

 III. Substances with strong positive chemotaxis : 



(a) Papayotin (in rabbits) ; (b) sterilized living cultures 

 of bacteria, whether pathogenic or non-pathogenic. 



These results can only be considered as suggestive and not as accu- 

 rate findings, in view of other contradictory- results. Buchner ^^ 

 obtained from the piwumohacillus of Friedlander, a protein which ex- 

 erted a strong chemotactic influence, thus showing the chemical na- 

 ture of the attraction of leucocytes by bacteria, and he isolated other 

 similar proteins from other bacteria. He also obtained a "glutin- 

 casein" from grain which was related chemically to the bacterial pro- 

 teins, and which was equally chemotactic. The metabolic products 

 of bacteria, however, he -found to be negatively chemotactic. Alkali 

 albuminate and hemi-albumose were strongly positive, but peptone 

 was not. GlycocoU and leucine were found to be chemotactic, but 

 urea, ammonium urate, skatole, tyrosine, and trimethylamine were 

 not. It was also observed that if the positively chemotactic sub- 

 stances were injected subcutaneously, they produced general as well 

 as local leucocytosis. The products of the action of serum on bacteria, 

 " anaphylatoxin, " produce inflammatory reactions, and probably are 

 important factors in pathology ; the products of tissue disintegration 

 have similar effects.^^'^ Certain drugs (notably quinine, morphine 

 and chloral) when injected subcutaneously seem to reduce the amount 

 of leucocytic emigration at a point of local injury (Ikeda).^^'' 



V. Sicherer ^® found that chemotaxis of leucocytes may be observed 

 outside the body. If a tube containing positively chemotactic sub- 

 stances (dead beer-yeast cells and dead staphylococci were the strong- 

 est) is placed with one end in a leucocyte-containing exudate, the leu- 

 cocytes pass up into it against gravity. 



Bloch ^■^ demonstrated that carbol-glycerol extracts made from each 

 of the different viscera and tissues exerted a positive chemotaxis, dis- 

 crediting the statements of Goldscheider and Jacob that onlj- extracts 

 of hematogenetic tissues showed positive chemotaxis. Egg-albumen, 

 gelatine, albumen-peptone, and alkali albuminate were also positive, 

 carboliydrates feebly so, and fat not at all. ^Metallic copper, iron, 

 mercury, and their salts have also been found to be chemotactic sub- 

 stances, but it is very probable that they act in part through destroy- 

 ing the tissues in their vicinity, which give rise to decomposition-prod- 



15 Berl. klin. Wochensehr., 1890 (27), 1084. 



15a See Bold, Arh. Patli. Inst. Tiibingen. 1J)14 (i1). :J(). 



15b .Jour. Pharniacol., litHi (8), 137. 



10 Cent. f. Bakt., lS!)i) (2(i), 300. 



17 Cent. f. allf,'. I'atli., IBJIO (7), 785. 



