260 IXFLAMMATIOX, REGENERATION, GROWTH 



ety, but not all substances affect each variety of leucocyte in the same 

 M'ay ; for example, infections with most animal parasites result in both 

 local and general increase in the eosinophilous forms, and similar ef- 

 fects have been obtained by the injection of extracts of animal para- 

 sites. Lymphocytes are much less active, presumably because they 

 contain less of the mobile cytoplasm and consist chiefly of the struc- 

 turally fixed nuclear substance. Undoubtedly many of the cells in so- 

 called lymphocytic accumulations seen in certain conditions, such as 

 tuberculosis, are not lymphocytes from the blood, but are newly di- 

 vided cells of the tissue.-- The experimental evidence concerning 

 lymphocytic emigration is very contradictory. Fauconnet -^ has found 

 that tuberculin injections cause in man general increase in leucocytes, 

 but only of the polymorphonuclear form. Long-continued intoxica- 

 tion of animals, however, may result in lymphocytic increase, but 

 local introduction of the toxin leads to accumulation of polymorpho- 

 nuclear cells and not lymphocytes. 



Particularly significant is the experiment of Reckzeh,-* who found 

 that in Ij-mphatic leukemia, with the lymphocytes greatly exceeding 

 the polymorphonuclear forms in the blood, the pus from an acne pus- 

 tule or from cantharides blisters contains practically no lymphocytes, 

 but is composed of the usual polynuclear forms. WolfiC -^ however, 

 claims that tetanus and diphtheria toxins produce lymphocytosis in 

 experimental animals. Wlassow and Sepp -'^ state that lymphocytes 

 are not capable of ameboid movement or phagocytosis in the body, 

 although after heating to 44° they may become motile for a short 

 time. 



Experiments on the nature of the leucocytes attracted by different 

 ehemotactic agents have been made by Borissow -^ and Adler.-^ Both 

 agree in stating that none of the substances tested shows any special 

 affinity for any single type of leucocytes. Zieler -^ seems to have set- 

 tled this matter positively by his observation that in the skin of rab- 

 bits exposed to the Fiiisen light, active migration of lymphocytes takes 

 a prominent part in the reaction. General lymphocytosis may be 

 produced by certain substances (pilocarpine, muscarine, BaCL) which 

 cause contraction of the smooth muscles and force these cells out of 

 the spleen ( Harvey ),^° but such a process has no relation to chemo- 

 taxis. It is notorious that infections with animal parasites cause both 



22 See r^siim<5 bv Papponlioini. Folia Ilematol., lOO.l (2). Sla: 1006 (3), 120. 



23Deut. Arch. klin. Mod.. 1004 (82), 167. 



24Zeit. f. klin. Med., 1003 (50), 51. 



25TVrl. klin. Wocli., 1004 (41), 1273. 



2« Vircliow's Arch., 1004 (176), 185. 



27Ziep;ler's Beitriio;e, 1804 (16), 432. 



28 Festschrift f. A. .Tacobi, New York, 1000. 



29 Cent. f. Pathol., 1007 (18), 280. 



•iojour. of Phvsiol., 1906 (35), 115; see also Pvoiis, Jour. Fxper. Med., 1008 

 (10), 238. 



