COMJ'OSIT/OX OF EDFAIATOU^ FLUIDS 357 



similar Id tiic synovial iiniciii isolated in arthritis by Salkowski, and 

 calls it scrosaimicin. 



Non=Protein Organic Contents. — Proteoses,'^ leucine, and tyro- 

 sine may be present in small quantities in exudates, being produced 

 by autolysis'''"' (Umber) ; and also mucoid substances (TTammarsten). 

 Nucleoproteins nuiy be ])resent from leucocytic disintegration in exu- 

 dates, as well as the products of their further splitting, such as 

 purine's and phosphates, (ilaldi and Appiani "' found uric acid con- 

 stantly' in amounts between 0.0055 g. and 0.0714 i:., in all exudates, 

 of which seven were tuberculous and two neoplastic. In three trans- 

 udates amounts from 0.006 g. to 0.011 g. were found. Allantoin is 

 said to have been found in exudates (Moscatelli),"* but this is doubtful. 



All the other innumerable components of plasma may be found 

 in edematous fluids; thus sugar'"'' and urea (Carriere) ^* are often 

 present, as well as other extractives. The amount of urea varies quite 

 as it does in the blood of the same individual, ^^ and it seems probable 

 that all the crystalloid substances present in the blood pass freely 

 into and from inflammatory exudates, so that an equilibrium between 

 ]»lood and exudates is approximated.'- Sugar is said sometimes to be 

 greater in amount in transudates than in the blood, but in exudates 

 it is usually, if not always, lower than 0.1 per eent.^** Lecithin is al- 

 ways present, partly bound to globulin and partly free (Christen)."^ 

 Cholesterol is present particularly in fluids that have been standing 

 for a long time in the body, appearing often as visible crystals shining 

 in the fluid ; it probably originates from degenerating cells. Glycogen 

 is not present (Carriere)."* 



Toxicity. — Contrary to earlier ideas, transudates are not toxic, 

 even in nephritis (Baylac,"' Boy-Teissier,"^ Laiforcade '"), and there- 

 fore the toxic manifestations frequently observed after reduction of 

 edema in nephritis, and ascribed to absorption of poisons in the trans- 

 udates, are probably due to some other cause. In inflammatory exu- 



osOpie, Jour. Exp. Med., 1007 (0), 391. 



66 Histidine and arginine were found in a carcinomatous exudate hv Wiener 

 (Biochem. Zeit., 1912 (41), 149). 



67 Riforma Med., 1904, p. 1.373: also Carriere, Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 1899 

 (51), 467. 



68 Zeit. physiol. Cliem., 1899 (13), 202. 



69 Sugar was found in only 8 of 23 fluids by Sittig (Biochem. Zeit., 1909 (21). 

 14) ; but is present in pulmonary edema fluid in proportion equal to or even 

 greater than the blood (Kleiner and !Meltzer). 



71 Javal and Adler, Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 190G (61), 235; Roseiil)ero:, Berl. 

 klin. Woch., 1916 (53), 1314. 



72 Wells and Hedenburg, Jour. Infect. Dis., 1912 (11), 349; Scheol, Xord. :\red. 

 Laeg.. 1916 (77), 610. 



70Hegler and Schumm. :\red. Klinik. 1913 (9), 1810. 



73 Cent. f. inn. :\Ipd., 1905 (26), .329. 



74 Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 1899 (51), 467. 



75 Compt. Rend. Soc. Biol., 1901 (53), 519. 

 -G Ihid., 1904 (56), 1119. 



77 Gaz. heb. Med. et Chir., Jan. 28, 1900. 



