\.\ini:Tii:s or j:i>i:\i \t<>( s fij ids :^61 



various |)i'('('i|)ilat ioii met liods, ■ while in more acute iuHaiumatious 

 libriuoficii appears.' Acc()rdiii<i- to .Mott ^ the fluid is especially rich 

 in luicleiu in progressive paralysis, and lipoids are increased in the 

 fluid in degenerations of the cent!-al nervous system. Pathological 

 fluids show also s])ecific alterations in their colloidal property of 

 ])rev(>ntiiig pi-eeipitation of colloidal suspensions by electrolytes (the 

 "Goldzahl" of Zsigmondy)." The surface tension is higher than that 

 of the serum and is not characteristically altered in disease.'"" The 

 increased organic matter of pathological fluids raises the permanganate 

 reduction index.'"' 



Cholesterol can be found in all cases of mental disease, the amount 

 not bearing any relation to the type of psychosis (Weston) ; ^ ordinar- 

 ily 0.2 to 0.7 mg. per 100 c.c. is found. The changes in P2O-, content 

 in disease are doubtful,** while the amount of reducing substances is 

 said to be increased in disease.-' In general the inflammatoiy fluids 

 in the spinal canal resemble exudates elsewhere, but usually the con- 

 centration of the different components is relatively low, except the 

 chlorides.^" Normal cerebrospinal fluid contains no antiprotease (for 

 leucoprotease), as does the fluid in many cases of chronic inflamma- 

 tions; in acute inflammation proteases may appear (Dochez ^^). Pep- 

 tid-splitting enzymes are especially abundant in meningitis. ^^'^ Anti- 

 bodies pass from the serum into the cerebrospinal fluid only in minimal 

 amounts or not at all, except when inflannnatory exudation occurs, 

 and even then the antibody concefitration is usually low,^- and even 

 simple chemicals enter the normal spinal fluid but very little, ^^ ex- 

 cept perhaps alcohol.^* According to Rosenbloom "-''^ there is no crea- 

 tin or creatinine. It contains normally from 2 to 4 mg. of amino-N. 

 per 100 c.c, or about half that in the blood, without definite changes 

 in syphilis.^'"' There is almost the same amount of urea as in the 

 serum of the same person, i. e., 20 to 42 mg. per 100 c.c.^*'= Substances 

 giving the ninhydrin test appear in meningitis,'^'' but Rosenberg states 



3 See Xogiiclii, Jour. Exp. Med., inon (11), 604. 



4 See :\Iestrczat., Rev. d. Med., ]!)10, )). ISO; KafYka. Dciit. nied. \Voch., 1013 

 (39), 1874. 



5 Lancet. July 0, 1910. 



6Lange, Zeit." Cliemother., 1012 (1), 44; Spiit, Zeit. Tmnniiiitat., I'll.i (23), 426. 

 eaKisch and Kemcrtz. IMiinch Med. Woch., 1914 (20), 1097. 

 6b See Hoffmann and Schwartz, Arch. Int. Med., 1916 (17), 293. 



7 Jour. Med. Res., 1915 (33), 119. 



8 Apelt and Schumm. Arch. Psvchiat u. Xervenkr., 190S (44), 84.5. 

 9,]»acob, Brit. Med. Jour., Oct. '26, 1912. 



10 Java!, Jour. pbys. ct ])atli. gen.. 1911 (15), 508. 



11 Jour. Exp. Med., 1909 (11), 718. 



iia Major and Nobel, Arch. Int. Med., 1914 (14), 383. 



isLeniaire and Debre, Jour, physiol. et patli. gen., 1911 (13), 233. 



13 See Eotkv, Zeit. klin. :Med., "l912 (75), 494. 



14 Schottmiiller and Scliumm, Neurol. Zbl., 1912 (31), 1020. 

 i4aRiochem. Bull., 1916 (5), 22. 



14b Ellis, et al.. Jour. Amer. Med. Assoc, 1915 (04). 126. 

 14c Ellis and Cullen, Jour. Biol. Chem., 1915 (20), 511. 

 i4dNol}el, jMiinch. med. Woch., 1915 (62), 1355, 1786. 



