IXTEiiTl\AL COS VRET loss M).\ 



Ainnionio-iiiayiicsiuin pliospliate .... ■)7.1 (i;5.!t 



Calcium phospliatf '"i-T 23.S 



Calcium carbonate 4.(5 



Calcium sulpiiate -J.*' ".7 



Alcoiiol-ctlicr extract l.'.t n.s 



Other orgajiic substances -lo ti.n 



111 L'uuntries wliere oatmeal is largely eaten, intestinal eoneretions 

 are not infre<inent ; they contain calcium and magnesium phosphate, 

 about 70 per cent.; oatmeal bran, 15-18 per cent.; soaps and fats, 

 about 10 per cent. (Hammarsten). Occasionally concretions con- 

 sisting: largely of fats and soaps are found, and after taking large 

 doses of olive oil masses of solidified oil may be passed that are read- 

 ily mistaken for softened gall-stones, for the removal of whicli the 

 oil is usually given. The "fecal stones" found in appendices often 

 show the structure of calculi, and, unlike other enteroliths, consist 

 less of ammonio-magnesium phosphate than of calcium salts;'' soaps 

 may be important constituents.® 



Bezoar stones are intestinal concretions probably coming from 

 Capra aegagrus and Atitelope dorcas. One variety consists chiefly 

 of lithofellic acid, C.,^,'H.^^,0^, which is related to cholalic acid, and 

 gives an aromatic odor when heated. The other variety ("false 

 bezoars") does not give the aromatic odor, and consists chiefly of 

 ellagic acid, C^Ji^fi^^, a derivative of gallic acid, and, therefore, prob- 

 ably derived from the tannin of the food of the antelopes. 



Intestinal "sand" occurs as (1) "false sand," consisting of parti- 

 cles of indigestible food, such as the sclerenchymatous particles in 

 the flesh of pears and bananas; ' and (2) trne sand, consisting largely 

 of inorganic material, and formed, according to Duckworth and Gar- 

 rod,^ in the upper part of the large intestine. Analyses of speci- 

 mens b}' Garrod showed the following composition : 



Water .... 12.4 f calcium oxide .54.98 



Orofanic material 2C).29 ) jiliosphorus pentoxidc . . . 42. .35 



Inorganic material . G1.31 containing! carbon dioxide 2.20 



I traces of ^Ig, Fe, etc. . 0.47 



Analyses by other observers have given similar results, the absence of 

 the large proportion of magnesimn found in larger concretions being 

 striking. 



The color is usually brown, due chiefly to urobilin, unaltered bile- 

 pigments being scanty. 



Preputial concretions sometimes form beneath a prepuce that can- 

 not he retracted, through deposition of urinary salts on and in the 

 accumulated smegma.^ The composition is, therefore, verj^ mixed, 

 and consists of an organic base containing much cholesterol, fats, and 



5 Harlav, Jour, pharm. et chim., 1010 (2), 43.3. 



6 Williams. Biocliem. Jour., 1007 (2), 395. 



TMyer and Cook. Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 1000 (137), 383. 

 s Lancet, 1902 (i). 053. Full resume and literature. 

 9 See Zeller, Arch. klin. Chir., 1890 (41), 240. 



