466 CALCIFICATIOX, COXCRETIOXS, AND INCRUSTATIOXS 



in the peribrone-liial glands than in the lungs, constituting from 6 to 

 36 per cent, of the ash, corresponding with Arnold's observation that 

 in gold-beaters the glands contain more metal than the lungs. In 

 stone-workers Schmidt found a higher proportion of SiO. in the lungs 

 than in the glands. In normal adults the amount of coal-pigment 

 is greater than the amount of silicates; in children the reverse is the 

 case. 



Thorel -^ reports that the lungs of a worker in soapstone contained 

 3.25 per cent, of ash, including 2.43 per cent, of soapstone. 



In siderosis iron has been found in the lungs in proportions varying 

 from 0.5 per cent, to 7.9 per cent, of the dry weight, the last amount 

 having been found by Langguth " in the lungs of an iron miner, which 

 contained also 11.92 per cent, of SiOo. 



An analysis of a lung from a knife-grinder is reported by Iloden- 

 pyl,-^ Avhich gave the following results : Total weight of dried and 

 powdered lung, 48.1009 grams ; total solids, 44.7986 ; ether-soluble sub- 

 stance, 14.6017. Composition of the ether-soluble substance : free 

 fatty acids, 7.498; neutral fats, 4.044; cholesterol, 3.037. Proteins, 

 15.4759; charcoal (total carbon less protein carbon), 7.198; ash, 

 4.2903. The composition of the ash. (in grams) was as follows: KoO, 

 0.2167; Xa..O, 0.3523; CaO, 0.0965; Fe,0;,„ 0.0879; AUO„ 1.4628; 

 SO,, 0.0704; P,0-„ 0.9565; SiO„ 1.2043. The amount of emery, rep- 

 resented by the oxides of aluminum and silicon made up more than 

 one-half of the ash, and the iron constituted about one-fourth. The 

 man had worked at the trade of knife-grinder for about fifteen years. 



]\IcCrae -^ has analyzed the lungs of six gold mine workers, in South 

 Africa, finding from 9 to 21.7 grams of ash per lung, of which 29 to 

 48 per cent, was silica; aluminum was also high, and an increased 

 P2O.., content was ascribed to the accompanying fibrosis. Klotz -■' 

 found from 1.2 to 5.3 grams of free carbon in each lung, of dwellers 

 of Pittsburg, as contrasted with 0.145 and 0.405 grams found in the 

 lungs of residents of Ann Arbor. Hirsch -•' analyzed four average 

 Chicago lungs, finding in grams per lung: 



I 



Carbon 2.72 



Silica O.IS 



Calcium O.xidc . . 0.45 



21 Ziegler's Beitr., 1896 (20), 85. 

 22Dcut. Arch. klin. Med., 1895 (55), 255. 



23 Medical Record. 1890 (56), 942. 



24 "The Ash of Silicolic T.niifrs." John McCrae, Johannesburg, 1914. 

 2''' Anicr. .T(nir. Piibl. Tb'altli, 1914 (4), 887. General review on antliracosis 

 20 Jour. Amer Med Assoc, 191() (66), 9.50. 



