476 PATHOLOGICAL I'KlMEXTATIOy 



of certain nialignant g-rowtlis, chloroma,^- was considered by Chiari, 

 Huber and others as^a fatty substance related to or identical with the 

 lipochromes. It commonly fades on exposure to air, and also when 

 in the usual preservative fluids, to which it does not impart its color. 

 The color may be brought back after formaldehyde preservation by 

 H2O2 or by weak alkalies (Burgess).^- Ottenberg "'^ has suggested 

 that the green color may be due to eosinophiles which abound in 

 ehloromas, since in fresh preparations eosinophile granules have a 

 faint greenish tinge. It contains no iron, is soluble in absolute alco- 

 hol and in ether, and is usually, but not always (v. Recklinghausen), 

 stained black with osmic acid."'* Treadgold states that as the green 

 color is not present from the beginning it Avould seem that cellular 

 degeneration mu.st play a part. Possibly a degeneration of the gran- 

 ules of the mj'eloeytes and myeloblasts, aided by the products of hemo- 

 globin disintegration, is responsible.**^ 



Chromophile cells may be considered in this connection. Kolin 45 has described 

 certain cells witli a decided affinity for chromic acid and its salts, found abun- 

 dantly in the sympathetic nervous system, in the carotid o-land. and in the medulla 

 of the adrenal. Tliey are also present in tumors derived from tiiese organs. 

 Extracts from sucli organs have a marked effect in raising blood pressure, and, 

 according to Wiesel,-»6 they are greatly involved in Addison's disease. The nature 

 of the chromophile substance is unknown, but it can only be fixed by chromic 

 acid or chromates; cells liardened by other means show merely spaces in the 

 places occupied by this substance. It is generally believed to be the same as the 

 epinephrin. but it does not always parallel in amount the quantity of epinephrin 

 as determined chemically. 



BLOOD PIGMENTS 47 



Red corpuscles behave much as do other non-nucleated fragments 

 of cells, undergoing disintegration rapidly and constantly when un- 

 der normal conditions, as well as when subjected to various harmful 

 influences (see "Hemolj^sis"), or when outside of the vessels in ex- 

 travasations of blood. The processes and products of their disinte- 

 gration are, therefore, much the same whether occurring under normal 

 or pathological conditions. The hemoglobin molecule is large and 

 complex, and from it are derived many substances of the nature of 

 pigments; indeed, hemoglobin itself may appear free as a pigment. 



Hemoglobin is a compound protein, consisting of a protein group 

 (glohiii) and a coloring-matter {hematin or hemochromogen) . The 

 protein globin is of a basic nature, and seems allied to the histons. 



42 Literature bv Dock. Amer. Jour. Med. Sci.. 1S9.3 (100). 152; and Dock and 

 Warthin, Med. News, 1004 (85), 971; Burgess, Jour. IMcd. Res., 1912 (27), 13.3. 



43 Amer. Jour. Med. Sci., 1909 (138), 505. 



44 Tlie pigineiit of xnnthclntima multiplex seems to be a fattv substance ( Poens- 

 gen.) Virchow's Arch., 1883 (91), 354. 



44a Quart. Jour. Med., 1908 (1), 239; Weber, Proc. Hov. Soc. :\red., Clin. Med. 

 Sec, 1916 (0), 7. 



45Prag. med. Woch., 1902 (27), 325. 



46Zcit. f. Heilk., Path. Abt., 1903 (24), 257. 



47 Literature bv Schmidt, Krgebnisso dor Pathol., 1894 (L), 101; and 1896 

 (III,), 542; Sdiulz, Ergebnisse dor Physiol., 1902 (I,), 505. 



