482 I'ATIIOLOaiCAL PldMEXTATION 



ent in poisoning by plienacetin,'"'^ aniline and acetanilid, and related 

 pigments appear in the blood in poisoning with chlorates and uitro- 

 benzol. Pneumocoeei and ^Streptococcus viriduns, as well as some 

 other bacteria, may produce methemoglobin.^'"' In infections with 

 B. empliysematosus, Scluimm found this pigment free in the blood, 

 and probably it could be found in other conditions if sought. 



Hemofuscin is the name given by von Recklinghausen to the 

 brownish pigment found in involuntary muscle-tibers, particularly in 

 the wall of the intestine. It does not react for iron, and is insoluble 

 in alcohol, ether, chloroform, or acids; therefore it is not a iipochrome. 

 It is bleached by HoOo, and is often found associated with hemosiderin 

 which is not bleached. Von Recklinghausen, and also Goebel,^^ ascribe 

 this pigment to an alteration of hemoglobin which enters the cells in 

 dissolved form, but Rosenfeld,'- who has submitted the material to 

 analysis after isolation, found 3.70 per cent, of sulphur, from which he 

 considers that it is related to the melanins or melanoid substances. 

 The substance is readily dissolved by alkalies, and contains no iron. 

 According to Taranoukhine,^^ the pigment in the myocardium in 

 hroioi atrophy of the heart is also derived from proteins, and is 

 neither a Iipochrome nor a hemoglobin derivative. Other observers, 

 however, consider this pigment a Iipochrome or a lipofusein. It is 

 probable that the name hemofuscin has been given to several different 

 pigments, which resemble one another only in that they do not contain 

 iron. Strater "^'^ says that the name hemofuscin cannot be used for 

 the pigment of the involuntary muscles, as he finds evidence that it 

 does not arise from hemoglobin and is probably a waste pigment : but 

 hemofuscin is found in e}>ithelial and connective tissue cells. 



Hemochromatosis.'* — This name was given by von Recklinghausen 

 to a condition in which the organs and tissues throughout the body are 

 abundantly infiltrated with two pigments : one, iron-containing, iden- 

 tical with hemosiderin ; the other seems to be the same as the hemo- 

 fuscin described above. It is to be distinguished from general hemo- 

 siderosis in which only the iron pigment is deposited.'*'' In hemo- 

 chromatosis the hemosiderin is found chiefly in the parenchyma cells 

 of the glandular organs, especiall.y the liver and pancreas, which or- 

 gans usually show marked interstitial proliferation. Hess and Zur- 



TOaRee PTciibner. Arch. exp. Path., 1913 (72), 241. 



70b CoU'. Jour. Exp. ;Med.. 1914 (20). .303; Blake ihid.. 1910 (24). 315; 

 Sohumni, Zoit. phvsiol. Ciicm., 1913 (87), 171. 



Ti Virchow's Arch., 1894 (130), 4S2. 



"Arch. exp. Path. ii. Pharm.. 1900 (45), 40. 



"Rousskv Arch. Patol., 1900 (10), 441. 



-3a Vircliow's Arch., 1914 (218), 1. 



74 Literature piven by Sprunt, Arch. Int. Med., 1911 (8). 75; Potter and 

 Milne, Aincr. Jour. Med! Sci., 1911 (143), 46; Roth, Deut. Arcli. kiln. Mod.. 1915 

 (117), 224. 



7+a In lower animals occurs a form of liemochromatosis afTectinir especially the 

 bones, and sometimes mistaken for ochronosis. (See Teutschlaender X'irchow's 

 Arch., 1914 (217), 393.) 



