518 THE CHEMISTRY OF TUMORS 



It will be at once observod that tlie two typical hypernephromas, Xos. 1 and 2, 

 show a marked resemblance to the normal adrenal in the proportion of fat and 

 lipoids. (The lower figure for lecitliin in No. 1 probably is due to the fact that 

 this specimen liad been preserved longer than the otliers.) This was what was 

 to be expected from the microscopic resemblance of these tumors to adrenal 

 tissue, and corroborates the results of Gatti's and Beebe's ol)serva.tions on iso- 

 lated cases. More surprising is the fact that e<iually comparable results were 

 obtained in the hyporne|)liroma (No. .3), which contained only cells free from 

 vacuolization and not at all resembling adrenal cells. From this it may be 

 concluded tliat in these tumors of adrenal origin tiie amoiuit of fats and lipoids 

 present cannot be estimated from the degree of cytoplasmic vacuolization of the 

 cells, or the extent of necrosis; the fatty materials are an intefiral part of the 

 cells, present in them as an essential constituent and not as the result of de- 

 generation. 



The results of analysis of two carcinomas and a sarcoma indicate tliat the 

 hypernephromas are peculiar in their close resemblance to adi'enal tissue in 

 respect to fat and to lipoid c(mtent. The amoiuit of all these constituents in 

 these three tiunors is far below that found in the hypernepiiromas, althougli in 

 the carcinoma of the breast the amount of simple fats is relatively large, as 

 might be expected in view of the function of the cells from which it arose. It 

 is interesting to note that a carcinoma of the gall bladder shows a rather high 

 proportion of its fatty material as cholesterol, for this observation may l)ear a 

 relation to the well-known tendency of the epithelium of the gall bladder to 

 form ciiolesterol. The large proportion of lecithin in the sarcoma of the liver 

 may possibly be due to the influence of tlie soil upon which the tumor was grow- 

 ing, but we need more information concerning the lipoid content of other malig- 

 nant tumors arising in diflferent sites. 



Renal hypernephromas reproducing the adrenal cortex in struc- 

 ture do not contain epinephrine,^- but tumors of the adrenal arising 

 in the medulla may do so.^^ Microscopically, hypernephromas con- 

 tain much glycogen. The special tests for hypernephroma tissue 

 recommended by Croftan seem not to be specific.^* 



Melanotic tumors produce melanin, which seems not to differ at 

 all from the melanin found in normal pigmented structures. Hel- 

 man ■'■' found as high as 7.3 per cent, by weight of melanin in melano- 

 sarcomas. (See also Melanin, p. 471, and Enzymes in Tumors, p. 500. 

 Concorning Chloromas ■'■"" see p. 476. 



MULTIPLE MYELOMAS AND MYELOPATHIC "ALBUMOSURIA" 



Multiple myelomas are of particular chemical inten'st, because of 

 the appearance in the urine in such cases of the peculiar protein first 

 described as an alhumose by Bence-Jones,^^ and now, because of lack 

 of grounds for its definite classification, generally known as the 

 *'Bence-Jones hody" or ''Bence-Jonea protein." Because of the ex- 

 tensive bone destruction there is also an excessive excretion of cal- 



52 0reer and Wells, Arch. Int. Med.. 1000 (4). 2!)]; Brooks, Jour. Kxp. :Med.. 

 inil (14), .').')0: Ciaccio, Deut. Zeit. f. Chir., 1910 (104). 277. 



na Wegelin. Verb. Deut. Path., Ces.. 1011 (15), 2r^r^. 



54 Koerber. Virch. Arch., lltOS (102), :ir,G. 



■"■.n Arch, internat. Pharmacodyn., 100:? (12), 271. 



.'.."■.a Metabolism in chloroma does not ditVer from leukemia (Sakaguchi. Mitt. 

 Med. Fak., Tokio. 1014 (1.3), lOS). 



50 For literature, see Simon. Ath.t. .Tour. ^led. Sci.. l!t02 (123). 0.30; Wclier 

 et al., ihid., 1003 (126), 044; Mollalf. Lancet, l'.i(),-| (1), 207; Hoscntiloom. Bio- 

 chem. Bulletin, 1011 (1), Kil. 



