Till-: in I'oi'in s/s .i\/> ACh'oMjyi.iiA' &15 



inaclivity ami undL'rdevL'lopment, .subiKjnnal body temperature ami 

 increased carbohj'drate tolerance.^'^ These manifestations correspond 

 to those observed in certain Innnan conditions (Froehlicli's syndrome) 

 associated witli defects in tlie hyi)opliysis. Removal of the posterior 

 lobe does not produce any characteristic and constant effects, altliongh 

 marked polyuria and erotism have resulted. The anterior lobe fed to 

 3^oun^ rats has a stimulating effect on growth, and especially on sexual 

 development and activity, while posterior lobe feeding has a retarding 

 influence (Goetsch^^). Robertson describes a modification of growtli 

 in mice fed anterior lobe substance, which he attributes to a specific 

 substance, tethelin, containing phosphorus and probably an iminazolyl 

 group, and hence related to the active constituent of the posterior lobe, 

 although it has no pressor effect. ^^ 



Puncture of the hypophysis produces the same effect as puncture 

 of Bernard's diabetic center in the fourth ventricle,^^ and stimulation 

 of the glalid has a similar effect, presumably because of the secretion 

 of a glycogenolytic agent. A diminution of posterior lobe secretion 

 occurring in certain conditions of hypopituitarism leads to an acquired 

 high tolerance for sugars, with the resultant accumulation of fat. In 

 hibernating animals, also, the adiposity and lowered temperature are 

 associated with hypoplasia of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, ac- 

 cording to the same author. There also seems to be some relation be- 

 tween the hypophj'sis and urinary secretion, for extracts of the 

 posterior lobe cause marked polyuria, and in some instances of "dia- 

 betes insipidus," lesions have been found in the hypophysis. Sim- 

 monds ^^ holds that the pars intermedia is responsible. Like the 

 thyroid, the hypophysis enlarges during pregnancy.^" Feeding of 

 hypophysis is said to increase both gaseous and nitrogenous metab- 

 olism, and in a case of hypopituitarism the urine has been found to 

 contain a high proportion of undetermined nitrogen and of neutral 

 sulphur."'^ Varying results have been obtained in studies on the basal 

 metabolism of hypopituitarism.^^'' 



Acromegaly. — The accumulating evidence seems to have practically 

 proved that acromegaly depends upon a hyperfunctionating of the 

 anterior lobe tissue of the hypophysis, one of the most imjxn-tant facts 

 being the improvement which has followed removal of the hyper- 

 plastic tissues in several cases successfully operated. Although there 

 are many cases of tumor of the hypophysis without acromegaly, this 

 is of no significance since it is not to be expected that all tumors will 



3T Conoernino: motaholism after hvpophvscctoniv see Benedict and Ilonians, Jour. 

 Med. Pvcs., 1012 (-2.")). 40<). 



33,Tohns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin, 1016 (27), 20. 

 35, Jour. Biol. ChenK. 1!»16 (24). 400. 

 38Amer. .Tour. PliYsioI., 1013 (.31), xiii. 

 39Mnneh. med. Woeli.. 1013 (60), 127. 



40 See Krdheini and Stumnie. Ziegler's Beitr., 1000 (40). 1. 



41 Stetten and Rosenbloom, Proc. Soe. exp. Biol, and ^Med.. 1013 (10), 100. 

 41a Means, Jour. Med. Res., 101.5 (32), 121. 



