18 EXPENSES. 



the owner. Thus a stable amons^ residences or in the com- 

 mercial part of any of the large cities sells or rents for double 

 the price of a similar one in a less favored neighborhood ; 

 then the varying amounts and different kinds of work the 

 same number of horses, carriages and men are made to per- 

 form by different owners bear a marked influence on the 

 cost. As the standard is higrher in the cities the renewals are 

 necessarily more frequent and of a more expensive nature than 

 those in a town or country place where the life of carriages, 

 harnesses and liveries is often extended beyond a condition 

 of gentility. Such shabby economy would evoke unpleasant 

 criticism in a city. The horses, carriages, etc., being of a 

 more costly type in the cities, it is obvious that more expe- 

 rienced and consequently better paid labor is required in 

 their care and in the execution of repairs and renewals. 



A stable servant may save his master a large sum of 

 money in the course of a few years or he can create innumer- 

 able bills for repairs, varying from those for broken harness 

 to the more serious charges for veterinary attendance or the 

 coach builder's account. 



HavinQT been shown the existence and cause of these flue- 

 tuating expenses, the reader will understand why the figures 

 given in computing the running expenses of specific repre- 

 sentative establishments are only approximate. 



A beginner, through his ignorance of what is necessary 

 in the running of a stable, seldom, if ever, at the outset of 

 his career, equips his establishment with the proper requi- 

 sites. He more often either underestimates the number of 

 the articles needed or acquiesces only too willingly in the 

 purchase of useless brushes, pastes and quack concoctions 

 suggested by a glib-tongued servant. As the owner's purse 



