182 



THE NAMES. 



measuring for the length of the opening in the collar the end 

 of the tape should be held at the point of the withers and 

 carried down in a line with the slope of the shoulder to the 

 windpipe : the average length of this line is about twenty- 

 two inches. The width is usually determined by adding or 

 deducting the number of inches that a sample collar is too 

 wide or too narrow. In the event of a collar not being at 

 hand, a pair of calipers may be made of stiff wire and the 

 points stretched to each side of the neck. The distance 

 between the points can then be taken. 



FIG. 68. 



THE HAMES. 



The Hames are bars made of forged iron and are plated 

 either with silver or brass. They should have a smooth, 

 oval surface. The hames are inserted in the groove of the 

 collar and receive the tension of the draught in drawing the 



