WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 15 



oaks require two years. The southern live oak belongs in the 

 white oak gorup; its wood is little used though it possesses 

 some excellent properties. 



DOGWOOD 



This is a small tree with short trunk and rough bark. A 

 stand of such trees in a forest, foresters call an "understory" 

 because the tree crowns are low and are overtopped by the trees 

 with which they are usually associated. Dogwood is found as an 

 understory to the pines in the sand hill, red hill, and upper pine 

 regions. It was once considered a "weed tree" (a useless 

 cumberer of the ground), but the shuttle manufacturers now use 

 considerable quantities of it for shuttle blocks. The amount 

 used for this purpose in South Carolina is greater than in any 

 other State. Its hardness, toughness and strength, as well as its 

 remarkable wearing qualities, recommend it for shuttles and 

 heads of golf sticks, and it is probable that it could be profitably 

 used for more purposes than it is. Dogwood is not lumbered in 

 the usual manner but sticks of it are cut here and there as they 

 are found, and the small trunks or billets shipped to the factories. 

 It grows slowly and is already scarce in many localities; the 

 shuttlewood supply of the future is by no means assured, so 

 far as it depends on dogwood. 



PERSIMMON 



This tree is found throughout the coastal plain in South Caro- 

 lina, and is known by its edible fruit. The trunk is rather small, 

 the wood hard, heavy, and dense, and is valuable chiefly for shut- 

 tle blocks, golf heads, and parquet flooring. The shuttle block 

 makers are its principal users in this State. For this purpose, 

 and also for golf heads, the sapwood only is suitable ; the heart- 

 wood, when present, is dark, dense, and more closely resembles 

 ebony than any other wood in the United States. The forests of 

 South Carolina constitute an important source of supply for this 

 species. It reproduces persistently both as sprouts (from the roots) 

 and from seeds, but grows slowly. Small trees are usually abun- 

 dant, but larger ones scarce. 



WHITE ASH 



White ash is one of the most important hardwoods in South 

 Carolina. It grows on the higher dry lands only, but is cut in 



