SUPPLEMENT. 



The statistics and data in the foregoing pages of this report 

 were collected by the Forest Service in 1912. Certain industries 

 were not studied because they are covered annually by the 

 Bureau of the Census in co-operation with the Forest Service. 

 These are discussed below. The statistics shown for turpentine 

 and rosin were collected in 1909 ; those for the other industries 

 were taken in 1911. 



NAVAL STORES 



Longleaf pine, and to some extent other pines, constitute a 

 source of great wealth as producers of turpentine, rosin, and 

 related products, grouped under the general term, "naval stores." 

 The trunk of the standing tree is scarified and resin exudes from 

 the wound. When this is distilled it produces spirits of turpen- 

 tine, and the residue is rosin. The former is a clear liquid, the 

 latter an opaque, yellowish solid. The collection of the resin 

 from which these products are made is an important industry in 

 the longleaf pine region of the South. 



Long before the War of the Revolution the British navy pro- 

 cured stores in South Carolina. Attempts had been made pre- 

 viously to make them from white pine in New England and from 

 shortleaf and loblolly pines in Virginia, but these attempts had 

 little success. The output of longleaf pine, however, was found 

 wholly satisfactory both in amount and quality, and its use for 

 naval stores has gradually increased. 



The Southern pine has little competition in the naval stores 

 field on the world's market, though the pines of Europe are tur- 

 pentined to some extent about the Baltic Sea and in France. 



Too often very little care has been taken of the naval store 

 orchards in the South. Trunks have been deeply boxed, and 

 chipping has been deep and wide. Such wounds weaken the 

 trunks, and storms throw them by thousands. Fires have done 

 enormous injury by charring the wounds and killing the trees. 

 It has long been the rule for the operator to exhaust his trees, 

 and move on to new grounds. The old orchards are abandoned 

 to fire and storm, and during past decades the destruction has 

 been very great. 



