WOOD-USING INDUSTRIES OF SOUTH CAROLINA. 45 



slack cooperage is small. The principal species reported for the 

 manufacture of this commodity were yellow pine and oak. The 

 entire production of staves was only 665,000, representing a con- 

 sumption of approximately 517,000 board feet. The production 

 of slack heading was 29,000 sets, about 240,000 board feet. 

 Beside staves and heading, 70,000 hoops were manufactured, 

 representing 50,000 board feet. The total consumption of mate- 

 rial for slack cooperage, including staves, heading and hoops is 

 about 813,000 board feet annually. 



SOFTWOOD DISTILLATION 



The wood distillation industry is divided into two parts 

 hardwoods and softwoods. Hardwoods are distilled to obtain 

 charcoal, oils, acetates, alcohol, and other commodities; soft- 

 woods are distilled chiefly for turpentine and charcoal. Soft- 

 wood distillation only is important in South Carolina. The 

 centers of hardwood distillation are in the North. South Caro- 

 lina stands second among the States in softwood distillation, 

 Florida alone surpassing it by only a small margin. The growth 

 of the industry in the State has been rapid. In 1909 it stood 

 fifth. Its plants in 1911 consumed 38,136 cords of wood, equiva- 

 lent to about 20,000,000 board feet. Longleaf pine is the prin- 

 cipal wood in demand, because of its richness in resin. Much 

 experimenting has been done in distilling mill and forest waste. 

 Plants doing this work are usually large, and three of them are 

 now operating in the State. 



VENEER 



The veneer industry is widely distributed throughout the 

 United States. Thirty-three States reported the manufacture in 

 1911. Veneer has come into use not only for finish wood in 

 cabinet making, furniture, and products requiring 'a pleasing 

 exterior, but also for other purposes in which built-up lumber 

 can be used in place of rough lumber. South Carolina stands 

 twenty-sixth among the States in the amount of material used 

 for veneers. Red gum and "yellow pine are most used in South 

 Carolina, while black gum and tupelo, oaks and yellow poplar 

 are in less demand. The total consumption of all species for 

 veneer in the State in 1911 was 2,874,000 feet, log scale. This 

 represents less than 1 per cent of the total consumption for the 



