30 VERTEBRATE ANIMALS MAMMALIA DIAGRAM o. 



paunch ; it is alone larger than 

 the three others together. The 

 second is called the honeycomb 

 from, its cellular appearance. 

 The third stomach is called 

 the manyphis, because its sur- 

 face is lined with membranous 

 folds. Last comes the red, 

 called in calves the rennet. 

 Stomach of a Ruminant. If apiece of this is put into 



milk it almost immediately causes it to curdle. 



This is what takes place. When the ruminating animal is in 

 the meadow, it eats as much as ever it can, and swallows the grass 

 almost without chewing it. All this grass goes into the paunch, 

 where it is moistened with saliva, but does not digest, Then the 

 animal leaves off browsing, and [it is then that it really begins 

 its meal. It returns by the oesophagus a mouthful of the grass 

 that it has in the paunch, chews it afresh leisurely, and then 

 swallows it ; and it is only then .that the food, well chewed, 

 passes into the last stomach, where it is digested. All animals 

 of the order of ruminants eat thus ; among others, camels, 

 giraffes, deer, antelopes, goats, sheep, the ox, and the 

 musk-ox. 



8th. After the order of ruminants follows that of the Mursu- 

 pialia, thus called from a Latin word which means pocket. 

 These are mammals which are only found in the most distant 

 countries. They are remarkable because the female has 

 a pouch under the belly, in which she rears her young. 

 When they are a little older, they may be seen putting 

 their heads out of this pouch, and then drawing back 

 and hiding there. If any danger threatens the female, she 

 escapes carrying off her young in this manner. The best 

 known marsupials are the opossums of America, and the 

 kangaroos which inhabit Australia. These last mentioned 

 animals have very short fore legs, and large hind legs, 



