46 MAMMALIA PACHYDERMATA DIAGRAM 3. 



The elephant's trunk is simply a very long nose, which it can 

 move at will. It breathes through two holes at the end of its 

 trunk, which are its nostrils. There is also a small appendage 

 at the extremity, about as large as a finger, which the elephant 

 uses to pick up small articles. It can pick up a feather or the 

 smallest piece of money with its trunk as easily as it can lift 

 up and remove a cannon. Indian elephants are not generally 

 savage, but are sometimes attacked with violent fits of rage, 

 when nothing can resist them. They have two large teeth in 

 the upper jaw, protruding from the mouth, and curving 

 upwards. These are called tusks, and yield ivory, which is used 

 for so many purposes. The tusks of the Indian elephant are 

 not thicker than a man's arm, but those of the African elephant 

 grow to the thickness of the thigh. There is a great traffic in 

 them. The man who guides the elephants is called cornac in 

 India ; he rides astride upon their neck. He pricks them, or- 

 pulls their ears with a hook, to show them which way to go. 



The RHINOCEROS is another great animal which is also found 

 in the East Indies and Africa. It does not perform the same 

 services, and always lives in a wild state. It is chiefly remark- 

 able for having a horn at the end of the muzzle, which is 

 sometimes very long and pointed. Some of them have two. 

 The substance of this horn resembles that of cow's horns, but it 

 is solid instead of being hollow, so that a much larger quantity 

 can be obtained from it for industrial purposes. The horn of 

 the rhinoceros is sometimes used to make handles for canes, 

 or the sticks of umbrellas ; but it is not nearly so valuable as 

 ivory. 



HORSES. The horse family includes the horse, the zebra, and 

 the ass. The horse is one of the most useful animals to man, 

 who employs him either to draw vehicles or to carry burdens. 



Horses have only one hoof on each foot, and it is usual to add a 

 piece of iron under the hoof to prevent it from being worn away 

 too fast. Horses have incisor teeth in both jaws, and when 

 they are vicious, and bite, can produce a dreadful wound. 



