INVERTEBRATA. 423 



mandibles and jaws are replaced by setae forming a sucker, inclosed 

 in a sheath composed of one articulated, cylindrical, or conical piece, 

 in the form of a rostrum. 



"In the eighth, or the NEUROPTERA, there are six legs, four mem- 

 branous or naked wings, and mandibles and jaws for mastication ; 

 the wings are finely reticulated, and the inferior are usually as large 

 as the superior, or more extended in one of their diameters. 



"In the ninth, or the HYMENOPTERA, there are six feet, and four 

 membranous and naked wings, and mandibles and jaws for masti- 

 cation ; the inferior wings are smaller than the others, and the ab- 

 domen of the female is almost always terminated by a terebra or 

 sting. 



"In the tenth, or the LEPIDOPTERA, there are six legs, four mem- 

 branous wings, covered with small, colored scales resembling dust ; 

 a horny production in the form of an epaulette, and directed back- 

 ward, is inserted before each upper wing, and the jaws are replaced 

 by two united tubular filaments, forming a kind of spirally-convo- 

 luted tongue. 



"In the eleventh, or RHIPIPTERA, there are six legs, two mem- 

 branous wings folded like a fan, and two crustaceous movable bodies, 

 resembling little elytra, situated at the anterior extremity of the 

 thorax; the organs of manducation are simple, setaceous jaws, with 

 two palpi. 



"In the twelfth, or DIPTEEA, there are six legs, two membranous 

 extended wings, accompanied, in most of them, by two movable 

 bodies or halteres, placed behind them ; the organs of manducation 

 are a sucker composed of a variable number of setae inclosed in an 

 inarticulated sheath, most frequently in the form of a proboscis ter- 

 minated by two lips." 



The following is the Linnaean arrangement, as rendered by 

 Jaeger in his Life of North American Insects : 



I. Coleoptera. Beetles or Chafers. All Insects with horny bodies, 



six legs, and four wings, of which the upper ones are horny, 

 and the lower ones parchment-like, as the Stag-beetle, May- 

 beetle, etc. 



II. Hemiptera. Bugs. All Insects with four parchment - like 



wings, six legs, and who obtain their nourishment by suck- 

 ing with a movable proboscis, as the Cicadar, Plant-lice, 

 Bed-bugs, etc. 



III. Orthoptera. Straight-winged Insects. Insects with four parch- 



ment-like wings, of which the upper ones overlap on the 



