132- 



474 YEAKBOOK OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



and fungi, through the methods of control that have gradually been 

 developed by entomologists and pathologists, now renders possible 

 the growing of some choice sorts in districts where they formerly 

 could not be depended upon to succeed. 



It is the purpose of this article, in continuation of those on the 

 same subject in the Yearbook since 1901, to suggest to fruit growers 

 in various sections of the country certain little known or recently 

 introduced fruits that are worthy of their attention either for the 

 home fruit garden or the commercial plantation. 



PATTEIST APPLE. 



SYNONYMS: Duchess No. 3; Patten's Duchess 2V T o. 3; Patten's Greening. 



IFLATE XLI.] 



The early settlers of the fertile regions of the upper Mississippi 

 Valley took with them trees of many of the standard varieties of 

 fruits of the longer settled country farther east, but soon found that 

 they would- not endure the fluctuating and severe winter weather in 

 combination with the hotter and drier summers of the region. En- 

 couraged by the relative hardiness and productiveness of the Olden- 

 burg, Alexander, Tetofski, and Ked Astrachan apples, which, though 

 of Russian origin, had been introduced from England by the Massa- 

 chusetts Horticultural Society about 1835, a efforts were put forth 

 to secure hardier varieties from the colder regions of Europe, par- 

 ticularly from Russia, a work in which the late A. G. Tuttle, of 

 Baraboo, Wis., the United States Department of Agriculture, the 

 Iowa Agricultural College, and a number of nurserymen and fruit 

 growers in various States and the Dominion of Canada participated, 

 from 1866 to a comparatively recent date. 



Of the hundreds of varieties thus introduced and tested, most have 

 proved of little value under the new conditions, lacking either in 

 flavor, keeping quality, or other important characteristics of fruit, or 

 in blight resistance on the part of the tree. A few valuable sorts 

 have been thus obtained, however, which are doubtless proving a 

 sufficient recompense for the expenditure of labor, time, and money 

 occasioned by this introduction work. 



Meanwhile, from these and the earlier introductions, there have 

 been appearing in recent years a considerable number of American 

 seedlings, from which will doubtless eventually come the varieties 

 adapted to .the peculiar conditions of the region. Some of these are 

 distinct improvements on the parent varieties in vigor of growth, 

 time- of ripening, resistance to blight, and other important character- 

 istics, and while none of those of proved " ironclad " hardiness yet 



a Joliu Craig, in Cyclopedia of American Horticulture, p. 1404. 



