PROTEIN FEVER 413 



5. Acid, same effects. 



6. Lecithin injected intraperitoneally as a water emulsion 

 has no effect on the temperature. 



7. Charcoal (animal) very fine powder; in suspension 

 intraperitoneally in large doses produces a marked fall, and 

 in small doses a slight rise. 



They notice, confirmatory of the findings of Krehl and 

 Matthes, that fasting animals do not easily get febrile 

 reactions with these substances. This agrees with Hirsch 

 and Roily, who state that glycogen-free animals cannot 

 become febrile with sodium chloride injections. Kulz 

 showed that injections of sodium chloride cause glycosuria. 

 This was confirmed by Fischer, who believed the glycosuria 

 to be due to irritation of the central nervous system, and 

 showed that it is abolished by cutting the splanchnics, and 

 that marked glycosuria results when direct injection into 

 the cerebral vessels is made. Calcium salts inhibit both the 

 glycosuria and the fever induced by sodium chloride. Freund 

 showed that adrenalin causes glycosuria, and in large doses 

 a fall, and in small doses, a rise in temperature. Again, 

 calcium salts inhibit both the glycosuria and pyrexia due 

 to adrenalin. The conclusion is reached that the fever 

 caused by these non-protein substances is due to sympathetic 

 irritation and consequent increased glycogen metabolism. 



Turning now to the work done by Thiele and Embleton 

 with protein bodies, we find a complete confirmation of the 

 results obtained by previous investigators. They say: 

 "With regard to endotoxin proper, by which we mean a 

 toxic substance, which is specific to the bacteria or protein, 

 there is but little evidence. The virulent and non-virulent 

 bacteria, as well as simple egg albumen, appear to have 

 the same temperature effects when inoculated into healthy 

 animals in the way mentioned above, and also performed 

 by Vaughan and Wheeler. The so-called endotoxin has 

 been liberated from protein, from bacteria, etc., by Vaughan 

 and Wheeler and others, also by Schittenhelm and Weichardt. 

 In all these experiments the protein, whether simple or 

 bacterial, has been treated for some time with caustic 



