420 PROTEIN POISONS 



is insoluble in alcohol, but soluble in water. This portion 

 is dissolved in normal saline solution in sufficient quantities 

 to form a 1 per cent, solution, and is used in the same 

 manner as a vaccine. 



Cancer-celled vaccine is prepared by grinding cancer tissue 

 finely in a meat grinder, after which it is rubbed up as a 

 suspension in alcohol in a sterile mortar. Next, it is rubbed 

 through a very fine-meshed sieve, the alcohol filtered off, 

 and the collected cell substance air-dried. This is weighed 

 and then placed in normal saline solution, making a 2 per 

 cent, cell suspension. To this 0.5 per cent, phenol is added 

 for the purpose of rendering it less likely to become 

 contaminated. In the preparation of both residues and 

 vaccines it has been found that satisfactory blood changes 

 can be obtained only when the tumor is of firm consistency 

 and without necrotic or infected areas. The average injec- 

 tion of a 1 per cent, residue is from 5 to 20 minims; that of 

 a 2 per cent, cancer-cell emulsion is from 5 to 10 minims. 



Sheep and rabbits have been injected intravenously, 

 intra-abdominally, and subcutaneously with both cancer 

 residue and cancer vaccine, and frequent blood-counts 

 made. In over 600 animals the blood changes have been 

 practically uniform except in about 10 animals in which 

 the vaccine used had been allowed to stand too long. The 

 accompaning charts show that while the percentage of 

 polymorphonuclear and small mononuclear leukocytes are 

 not affected with any degree of regularity, the proportion 

 of large mononuclear cells is invariably increased from 100 

 to 400 per cent, within from twenty-four to forty-eight 

 hours. This increase, however, is of short duration and 

 recedes with rapidity after reaching its height. 



Fig. 24 illustrates the average blood change obtained 

 through the injection of an active residue. The preparation 

 used was a 1 per cent, sarcoma residue which had been 

 made from a small round-celled sarcoma of the mediastinum. 

 Three subcutaneous injections of 5 minims each were given 

 at hourly intervals, the first blood count being made before 

 the injections were commenced. The second count, made 



