10 PROTISTS AND DISEASE 



blepharoplast at the base of many flagella suggests that the 

 movement of these is effected by the same apparatus as 

 mitosis. As is shown in Fig. 22, 6, zoospores of synchytrians 

 penetrate their host by a nuclear structure which resembles 

 a blepharoplast with its connecting filament ; other ehytri- 

 dians and, as Waterhouse found, the sporidia of Puccinia 

 graminis, appear to effect penetration in a similar 

 way. 



Simulation of Life. In his book, " The Protozoa," 1901, 

 Calkins gave a good account of the life- simulating states of 

 dead matter : amoaboid movements simulated by a drop 

 of olive oil in water ; Buetschli's mock-protoplasm, olive 



011 mixed with salt or sugar in water ; Rhumbler's shellac- 

 coated spicule of glass incepted by a drop of chloroform in 

 water and ejected when the shellac is absorbed, with many 

 other instances. 



I have made Buetschli's experiment both with salt and 

 oil, and sugar and oil. A few crystals that project from 

 the oil into the water are seen to dissolve, causing active 

 currents of very brief duration ; and slow local passive 

 currents are seen in both oil and water ; there was nothing 

 that should be mistaken for active living matter. 



Culture of Metazoan Cells and Tissues. Every cell of 

 a living metazoon is an animalcule, and with minute care 

 to exclude bacteria (see Lee's " Microtomist's Vade Mecum," 

 1921) such cells may be kept alive and cultivated artificially. 

 Nerve-cells from the embryo frog were first grown by Ross 



