iv PREFACE. 



they come into bearing. The identification of unknown varieties 

 is not so easy, as varieties differing widely in value are often similar 

 in form, shape, and color. 



Prof. N. E. Hansen is the author of the pages devoted to the 

 apple, for which he was specially fitted, as for a number of years he 

 has made a study of this orchard fruit in the United States, Europe, 

 and Asia. He has also assisted in proof-reading and in other ways. 



The descriptions of the pear and other fruits and nuts by the writer, 

 where not original, have been made as accurate as possible by com- 

 paring those from all available sources with the descriptions of such 

 careful pomologists as Downing, Thomas, Warder, Hogg, Lyon, 

 Woolverton, Card, Wickson, and the Pomologist of the U. S. De- 

 partment of Agriculture. 



All the plates or fruit outlines not redrawn for the engraver by Miss 

 Charlotte M. King, Artist of the Iowa Experiment Station, have 

 been copied by permission from various sources, but mainly from 

 Downing, Prof. S. A. Beach of the Experiment Station at Geneva, 

 New York, Mr. L. Woolverton's Fruits of Ontario, Canada, Prof. R. 

 H. Price of Virginia, Mr. T. V. Munson of Texas, Prof. F. W. Card of 

 Rhode Island, and the Pomologist of the U. S. Department of Agri- 

 culture. 



It will be noted that the arrangement is not alphabetical as in 

 Downing and Thomas. The more natural method of grouping the 

 orchard fruits, the small fruits, subtropical fruits, etc., has been 

 adopted. 



For reasons given in the Preface of Part I the usual principles and 

 practices of horticulture have been included in a separate volume 

 of convenient size with copious table of contents and index for easy 

 reference to the numbered sections, which are often referred to in this 

 volume. 



J. L. BUDD. 



AMES, IOWA, May 27, 1903. 



