lOO 



NATURE 



[October 4, 191 7 



creased space, and it may be hoped that ere lon^ the 

 governing body will be provided with sufficient funds 

 to make it possible to secure college buildings worthy 

 of the excellent work which has been accomplished 

 here. The work at Armstrong College, Newcastle- 

 upon-Tyne, is being done under difficulties. The col- 

 lege buildings have been in the occupation of the War 

 Office since August, 19 14, and the various departments 

 are housed temporarily in different buildings. Pass 

 and honours degrees are awarded, on the conditions 

 laid down in the prospectus, in both pure and applied 

 science, (.'andidates who have qualified for the pass 

 degree of B.Sc. may proceed, with the approval of 

 the Board of the Faculty of Science, with the course 

 of study in the honours school, and in applied science 

 can take up one of the following subjects : — Agricul- 

 ture, mechanical, marine, civil,* or electrical engineer- 

 ing, naval architecture, mining, metallurgy. The 

 Edinburgh and East of Scotland College of Agricul- 

 ture, which was founded in 190 1 to provide for agri- 

 cultural education and research in the central and 

 south-eastern counties of Scotland, has arranged 

 classes in conjunction with the science faculty of Edin- 

 burgh University, constituting a full course of theo- 

 retical and practical teaching in agriculture and the 

 allied sciences. The services of the college staff are 

 at the disposal of farmers who are investigating new 

 conditions or special problems arising out of farming 

 operations. Full particulars can be obtained from the 

 offices of the college, 13 George Square, Edinburgh. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 Paris. 

 Academy of Sciences, September 17. — M. Camille 

 Jordan in the chair. — A. Lacroix : The peridotites of 

 the Pyrenees and the other intrusive non-felspathic 

 rocks which accompany them. Descriptions of the 

 Iherzolites, cortlandites, ariegites, and hornblendites, 

 together with complete chemical analyses of twenty- 

 one specimens. — M. Petrovitch : A new method of 

 numerical evaluation of the coefficients of series.^ — C. 

 Benediks : A new thermo-electric effect. The author's 

 results are contrary to the law of Magnus, and show 

 that in a homogeneous metallic circuit an asymmetrical 

 distribution of temperature may give rise to an electro- 

 motive force.^ — J. B. Tauleigne and G. Mazo : The 

 method of monocular stereoscopy especially applicable 

 to radiography .^ — M. Mazeres : A new method of ex- 

 traction with the radioscopic screen : the method of 

 concordances. — D. Keilin : A new Nematode, Aprocto- 

 nema entomophagum. The new species was found as 

 a parasite in the larvae of Sciara pullula. — E. Roubaud : 

 Can French Anopheles transmit malaria in non-marshy 

 regions? A. maculipetmis from the Paris district has 

 been proved to be capable of transmitting malaria 

 (Plasmodium vivax and P. praecox), and do 

 not possess any special refractory properties. Since 

 malarial cases are being introduced from the Eastern 

 front, it is obvious that special precautions against the 

 spread of the disease are indicated. — A. Laveran : Re- 

 marks on the preceding communication of M. 

 Roubaud. An account of the measures which have 

 been taken in France to prevent the spread of malaria 

 from infected soldiers. 



BOOKS RECEIVED. 



Survey of India. General Report, 1915-16. From 

 October i, 1915, to Seotember 30, 1916. (Calcutta.) 

 25. 8d. 



Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India. 

 Vol. xlii., part 2. Vol. xlv., part i. (Calcutta.) Each 

 4s. 



NO. 2501, VOL. 100] 



I Composition and Nutritive Value of Feeding Stuffs. 

 I By Prof. T. B. Wood. (Cambridge : At the University 

 ' Press.) IS. net. 



Memoirs of the Geological Survey, England and 

 Wales. Explanation of Sheet 329. The Geology of 

 the Country around Bournemouth. Second edition. 

 By H. J. O. White. Pp. vi-t-79. With separate map. 

 (London : H.M.S.O.) 25. net. 



The Discovery of America, 1492-1584. Edited by 

 P. F. Alexander. Pp. xviii + 212. (Cambridge: At 

 the University Press.) 3^, net. 



Insetti delle Case e dell' Uomo e Malattie che Diffon- 

 dono. By Prof. A. Berlese. Pp. xii + 293. (Milano : 

 U. Hoepli.) 4.50 lire. 



Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes. By the 

 Rev. T. W. Webb. Sixth edition, thoroughly revised 

 by the Rev. T. E. Espin. Two vols. Vol. i., pp. xx + 

 253; vol. ii., pp. viJi-i-320. (London: Longmans and 

 Co.) Each 75. 6d. net. 



The Elements of Refrigeration. By Prof. A. M. 

 Greene, jun. Pp. vi -1-472. (New York : J. Wiley and 

 Sons, Inc. ; London : Chapman and Hall, Ltd.) 185. 6d. 

 net. 



Alternating-Current Electricity and its Applications 

 to Industry. Second Course. By W. H. Timbie and 

 Prof. H. H. Higbie. Pp. ix-f729. (New York: J. 

 Wiley and Sons, Inc. ; London : Chapman and Hall, 

 Ltd.) 135. 6d. net. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The New Education Bill 8i 



Health and the State 82 



Optical Theories 83 



Our Bookshelf 83 



Letters to the Editor: — 



On the Alterations of Tone produced by a Violin- 



" Mute.'*— C, V. Raman 84 



Origin of Flints. — Fredk. Chrpman ... 85 

 Butterfly v. Wasp. — The Ven. Archdeacon Arthur 



F. Clarke 85 



The Convolvulus Hawk-moth. — Right Hon. Sir 



Herbert Maxwell, Bart., F. R.S. ... 85 

 The Ethnology of Scotland. By Prof. A. Keith, 



F.R.S. 85 



The Beginnings of Porcelain in China. By Dr. 



J. W. Mellor 88 



Notes 89 



Our Astronomical Column:— 



September Meteors 93 



Comet 1916/' (Wolf) 93 



A Colour Scale for Stars 93 



An Australian Chemical Institute 93 



Child-study and Education. By Prof. E. P. 



Culverwell 94 



The Hydraulic Resources of France. By E. S. 



Hodgson . ... 94 



Ethnological Work in Queensland 95 



The Soils of Hawaii. By E. J. R 95 



Experimental Phonetics and its Utility to the 



Linguist. {lUnstrated.) By Daniel Jones .... 96 



University and Educational Intelligence .... 99 



Societies and Academies 100 



Books Received 100 



ST. 



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Editorial Communications to ihe Editor. 

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 Telephone Number : Gerrard 8830. 



