SVLMCOMD.K — THE WAIIBLKKS. 223 



wantinj? on tho bar-k, and nim'h rrstricttMl on the under parts. Tail witli m<iro hrown. 

 L«'ii<.'tli ot luale, ."i.'J.'); wini,', '2M*>\ tail. 'J.'J'j. (No. J)40.) i'om,,/. Dull hrowiiisli-olive 

 above; pale orhraeroiis-yellow beiicath, with the throat niori" whitish; the yrllow of tail 

 restricted to inner half of inner webs. The latter feature will serve to distinguish it from 

 any other Xorth American species. 



JIah, Entire North Americ;i, and in winter into South Am«'rica as far as Ecuador, 

 Cayenne, and Trinidad. Not recorded from West Indies, where replaced by allied species. 



In the j^Teat almiKlanco of this species and its wide ran,f,'e of distribution, 

 there are many variations in size and color, thoui,di none that are not readily 

 understood. In youn^' birds tlie yellow of the tail-feathers is more restricted, 

 Sometimes contineil to the edj^^e of the inner webs. In adults there is occa- 

 sionally a tinge of orange in the forehead. 



*S///rm ndhhotiia of Amlubon is described with even tail, and tlie tail-feath- 

 ers brown, edged externally with yellow ; the reverse of adica. It is gt le- 

 rally, however, considered u synonyme. 



I5irds of this type (" (T(dden Warblei*s ") of six or eight additional species 

 are known ti» occtir in the West Indies, the Galapagos, and in Middle America; 

 one of them, D. hrfiauti, possibly to be met with in Sou hern Arizona. (See 

 Baird, Ifeview Am. Jiirds, llK'l.) 



After comi)aring a series of about one hundred and twenty Xorth and 

 Central American specimens (the latter being winter visitors to the region 

 where r'V»tained), nothing really characteristic of any particular region can 

 be detected. Si)ecimens from the Pacific coast of the United States are per- 

 fectly identical in colors with those from the Atlantic States ; and they agree 

 in size and proportions, except of the bill, which is appreciably longer and 

 broader in the Eastern than in the Western birds. The most highlv col- 

 ored examples are from the interior regions, along the Mississippi Valley from 

 I^uisiana to Xorthern Illinois, and over the plains north to Fort Simpson. 

 The majority of the specimens from this region are just api>reciably diflerent 

 from others, in having the yellow more intense and prevalent, almost sub- 

 duing the olive shades above ; the crown more tinged with orange. Some- 

 times (as in Xo. 4,o<)l, Calcasieu Pass, I^.) the rump and upper tail-coverts 

 are absolutely inur yellow, only a medial stripe on the feathers being oliva- 

 ceous like the back. The orange-rufous tinge on the crown is deej)est in 

 Xos. 4,665, Fort Lookout, and 4,.*)no, Calcasieu Pass. 



Three adult summer males from Alaska (Xos. 54,429, Kodiak ; 54,425, 

 Yukon IJiver ; and 27,207, Fort Yukon), as well as one from Maine (52,378, 

 Calais), diH'er from others in having the olive pervading the whole surface 

 above, even to the bill, the forehead being oidy tinged with yellow, and the 

 edges of wing-coverts merely inclining to this color. The lower parts are 

 much as in Southern s])ecimens, though the yellow is less intense. 



Females from Arizona (as 49,712, Canjp Crant, May ; 40,604, Fort Whip- 

 ple, May ; and 34,o4(), Los Pinos, Xew Mexico, June) differ from others in 

 very bleached plumage, the lower ])arts being almost white, and the upper 



