396 NURTII AMKKICAN lIIlilKS. 



Species. 



ToMMON Characters. A lonfrtln'nrd crest of soft MtMnh^d fi-athers. C(»lors!, siofl 

 silkv ItiDWiiish Itecoiniiii; inoit" viiiacfoiis antrri<»rly. aii<l ashy postj-riorly aWove. 

 A lilack stripe on side ol" head, troin nasal leathi is aeri>ss l.»res thri)ii;;h the eye 

 and heliind it beneath <rest. atid a pakh of the same on chin, with a white i^treuk 

 between them, on side of lower jaw. 



A. Willi; variepited. LtiWtr tail-eoverts riifoiH. Crest much developed. 

 Forehead and side of head brii^ht purplish-nirous. Bhu.k patch eoviMing 

 whole throat, and sharply dermed. No white line between black of lore, 

 etc., and brown of lorehead. Inner webs of prhnaries tipped narrowly with 

 white. 



a. Terminal band of tail red. 



A. phoenicopterum.' Greater covort-s tipped with red, producing 

 a band across the wins,'. Xo yellow on tips of primaries. Ilab. 

 Japan and Eastern Siberia. 



b. Tenniiial baml of tail yellow. 



A. garruluB. Secondaries and primary coverts tipped with white, 

 forming' two l>ioad short bands. Primaries with outer webs tipped 

 with yellow. Il'/h. Arctic re«;ions of both hemispheres; in win- 

 ter south into northern Cnited States, and alonjjr Rocky Mountains 

 as far as Fort Massachusetts. New Mexico. 



B. Wind's unvarieguteil. Lower tail-coverts white. Crest moderately de- 

 veloped. Forehead, etc., not dilVcrent from crest. Chin only black, this 

 fading gradually into the lirown of throat. A white line between black of 

 lore, etc., and brown of foreheatl. Inner webs of primaries not tipped with 

 white. 



a. Terminal band of tail yellow. 



A. cedrorum. Wing bluish-ashy. Hub. Whole of North Amer- 

 ica, from 52° X., south (in winter?) to Guatemala; Jamaica and 

 Cuba in winter. 



Ampelis garrulus, Lixx. 



NOSTHEBN WAXWINO; BOHEMIAN CHATTEBEB. 



Lanius (jarrulus, Lixx. " Fauna Sueciea, 2, no. 82." — Ib. Syst. Nat. 10th ed. 1758, 95. 

 Ampelis (jar ndus, Linn. Syst. Nat. r2th cd. 176»>, 2!>7 (Europe). — Baird, Birds N. 

 Am. 1858, 317; Kcv. 405. — Boardman, Pr. Bost. See. Nat. Hist. IX, 1862, 126 

 (Calais, Me.). —Cooper, Pr. Cal. Acad. II, 1861 (18(53), 122 (Fort Mohave, Ar.). 

 Bomhiicilht tjtrrnd't. Bos. Zool. Jour. Ill, 1827, 50. — Rich.— Arn. Orn. Biog. IV, 4C2, 

 pi. ceclxiii. — Ib. Birds Am. IV, 169, pi. ccxlvi. — Mavnabd, B. E. Mass, 107. — Dall 

 & Banxistkr, 280 (.Vlaska). —Cooper, Orn. Cal. I, 1S70, 127. — Samiels, Birds N. 

 Eng. 264. BuuihjiciUa (jnrru/a, Keys. & Bi.As. Wirb. Eurof>as, 1840, 167. — Deolani», 

 Oriiith. Europ. I, 1849, 349 (European). — Woixey, Pr. Z. S. 1857, 55 (nest and p<if^>). 

 — Newton, Ibis, IS'.l, 92, \>\. iv (nesting). — Nord.manx, Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 307, 



» and VII, 1859, pi. i (nesting). (European.) 



Other figures : Box. Am. Orn. Ill, pi. xvi. 



^ BombifcWa phoenv^optcru m , Temm. PI. Col. II, 183S ; pi. 450. The A. ph(^niroptcrum is 

 stated by Temmiiiek to have tlie iias il setic so short as to leave the nostrils exjiosed, and to lack 

 the sealing-wax appentlages ; the latter condition may, however, result from the iiniiiaturity of 

 the specimen, as it is very common to find the same thing in individuals of the other species. 



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