LANUD.K TIIK SllUlKKS. 41;j 



B» ()iiti'r wtIk »>f S4'ci)n«lari«'.-» lil.u-k to tin* ham'. Ipiwr ryrliils Itluok. 



<i. Wliito tTt'Sct'iit nil lowrr t'v<'li«l. UriHMtlj with wavy Wars »tf dusky in 

 all stair«'s. Tarsus U'ss thiiii l.oo; win;.' inort' than 4..'>0. 



C. borealifl. Ippfr hah' ol nasal tults white. iJlark sprotach' honli'it il 



altovf ihf «'ar-t'overts l)y lu)a!y wliitish. Srapnlais an<l iipju'i- tail- 



covorts a|»[U(>rt<hin<jr wlut«'. Wiii<_'. t.7<>: (ail, 4.70; tarsus. .!».">. I/dh. 



Art'tic AnuMica: in winter .»uuth into Initeil States. es[»eeially into 



tlie northerji p< it inns. 

 h. Xo white <'ie.se(Mit on lower ey«'li<i. iJeiieath without bars, except in 

 vounif. TaisMs nioi-e than 1.0<»; win;.' I''^'^ than 4.'>0. 



C. ludovicianufl. Hlatk speetade not honieied over enr-eoverfs with 



whitish. 



Whiff patch nn jtriumrif-a renrhhig uearhj ok far as end of firsf >/'nV. 



Xnsi/I fif/ts entirely hlark. 



Black of lore.s and nasal tults Itordered ahove witli lioary whitisli. 

 Tail white at Ijase; inner wehs of secondaries |»aler toward inartrin, 

 but not abruptly white. Beneath entirely white, without ashy tiniro 

 laterally, or aeross briMst. Axillary whitish. I'l^per tail-coverts 

 ashy-white, scapulars pure white. Win<jr. 4.10; tail. 4. 'JO ; tarsus, 

 1.10; bill, .')(). Ilah. Western Xorth America from Paiihc Coast 

 east to a little beyond the ,Mi.s-iis*<ippi, and to Texas. Nearly all of 

 Mexico ........ var. r .re n h i f o ro i (f e s , 



Blaek of lores, etc., not borderetl above by wiiitish. Tail black at 

 base. Inner webs of secondaries pure white to the shaft on basal 

 half. Beneath tiiiircd with ashy laterally and across lueast. 

 Scapulars and upper tail-coverts hardly dilfeieiit from back. Bill, 

 .<iO. Jfab. California ami fur countries . . . var. robust its. 



White patch oh priinaries rcarhiitf/ ouhj ahont haJf-trai/ to end of 



first «i>iif/. \as(d tiefts hoari/-(/rai/ish ahore. 

 Black of lores bordered above by hoary-whitish. Tail as in elet/ans. 

 — .secondaries as in ercnhitoroides. Beneath very strongly tiiiired 

 with j)lumbe()us laterally and across br(»ast. Cpper tail-coverts like 

 the back, posterior scajMilars only inclining to white. Axillars 

 plumbeous. Wing, 3.80: tail, o.(>'» : tarsus, l.OO; bill. .'lO. Hah. 

 South Atlantic and Gulf States .... var. J u d o r i ria n n a. 



We now proceed to ^ive a more detailed table of these s])ecie.s, and under 

 the heading of each shall omit any further description : — 



rjEXERAL CoLOH. Bluisli Or pluiubeous a«!h above: the outer edges of sr-apulars. 

 .sometimes the forehead and rump, paler. Beneath whitt sometimes with waved 

 transverse dark lines. A broad black stripe from side oi up})er bill through eye 

 (extending mor»? widely l>eneath than above it, sometimes wanting above) to end 

 of ear-coverts. Wings (except les.ser coverts) and tail black; the i'ormer with 

 a white patch across b.ise of primarii's, sometimes on inner webs of secondaries) ; 

 the secondaries tii»ped with white ; the tail with Iiroad white tips to the lateral 

 feathers, the concealed ba.ses of which are also usually whit(\ 



A, Black cheek-stripes involving eyelid only on upper border of eye, and 

 not meeting across the forehead. A crescentic patch of white in the lilack 

 l)elow the eye ; upper e<lge of black stripe behind the eye bordered by hoary 

 whitish. Breast and belly always with distinct, transverse wave<l lines of 

 dusky. Bill, when mature, entirely black. Length about 10 inches. 



