FlilNGlLLlD.t: — Tilt: FINCHES. 48U 



Sp. Char. Hill jjfn'afly comprcssod, arnl acut** towanls tin' point, Malr canniiir i»tl, 

 tin^rt''! with dusky .nrross thr hack; tin* siilrs dt" l)i»»|y uiii1»t the wini/s stirakrd willi 

 hrown; lioin tlio niiddlc i»l' lu-Uy to the tail-oovorts whitish, the latter sticakcd with 

 brown. Scapulars, wini^s. and tail Maik ; two lnoad hands on the win<rs across the ends 

 of fjrcatiT and tnedian coverts: white spots on th(» end ol" the iinuT tertiaiit's, Fnnalr 

 b.'-ownish, tinged with olive-Lrreen in places; ieathers of the hack ami eiown with duskv 

 centfcs; nniij> hrijrht lifownish-yellow. Lenirth aliout O.'J'); winjr, .'».")0 ; tail, li. ('»(>. 



IIaij. Northei-n parts of North Aint'riea jreiierally ; Trreenland (ItKiNn. liiis, III, ISOI, 

 8); England, (Sei)teiuher 17, (loiLit, liirds Great Britain). 



Tlio wliitc 1 Minis on the wImlis distiiigiiish tliis s])eeie.s from the pre- 

 ccdiiiL,', although there are some other (lillereiices in form of hill, feet, 

 M'iiig, etc. There is less variation in form and cohir among sju'cimeiis than 

 in the ju'eceding. It differs from the Eiiro]>ean analogue, L. hi/nsrinfii, ac- 

 cording to authors, in the more slender hody and bill, and in ha\ ing tlie 

 body pomegranate-red, with blackish Imk ]<, instead of cinnabar-red, as in 

 curvirostni and amn-icantt. Ilonaparte ami Scldegel (piote tlie American 

 species as occurring in the Himalaya Moinitains, and i»e!haps Japan, but 

 throw doubts on the supposed European localities. 



Habits. Uoth the distribution and habits of this species are ]>ri>bal)l>', in 

 all essential respects, the same with those o[' tlie preceding. It is, if any- 

 thing, a more northern bird, and it has not been detected anywhere on the 

 Pacific coast south of liritish America. It was found in tlie Arctic regions 

 by Sir John IJichardson, where the other species was not observed. He 

 found it inhabiting the dense white-sjauce forests of the fur country, feeding 

 princi])ally on the seeds of their c<jnes. Vj) to the si.xty-eighth jtarallel he 

 found them ranging through the whole breadth of the continent. It is sup- 

 posed to go as far as these woods extend, though it has not bfcn traced far- 

 ther than the si.xty-second degree. It was found feeding on the upper 

 branches, clinging to them when wounded, and remaining suspended even 

 after death. In 8ej)tember they collected in small tlocks, and flew from tree 

 to tree with a chattering noise. In the depth of winter they retire from the 

 coast to the thick woods of the interior. 



A few" individuals of this species are recorded by Professor Heinhardt as 

 having been taken in South (ireeidand. 



In Pennsylvania this species is much more rare than the amrricana, and 

 Wilson only met with a few specimens. Since his day it has been found 

 more abundantly, occasionally in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. 



Mr. Dall states that these birds were not unconmion near Xulato in the 

 winter. Several specimens were obtained in February and April. Xone 

 were found there in the summer. He speaks of their great expertness in 

 opening the spruce cones with their curved bills, and extracting the seeds. 



Its appearance in Eastern Massachusetts is much more irregular both as to 

 numbers and time than that of the other species. In the fall and winter of 

 1868 and 1869 they were uncommonly abmidant, .appearing early in the fall, 

 and remaining until q^uite late in the spring. They were even more fearless 



