FHINlJILLIDJ: — TIIK KINCIIKS. 4()() 



Sp. Char. Auinmnnl feinule. nrconlarKl vM'i^ (rane.^cens). ('J:{,.'h 7, < Jrccnliind. T'niv. 

 Zoul. Miis. Ci)pi'iilia<ron.) In goneral apix'.-inuKv like the rorn'si)on<liii.u pluma^'c of-'ii. 

 liiHirius, but the whole runip iiimiaciilatc wliitc ; Iroiital l»aii<l nuti*' than twioc as wide as 

 in h'narius, and better delinod ; lower tail-coverts without streaks, their shafts oven beinjr 

 white, rarinine vertieal pateli only a little wider than the whitish frontal patch ; head 

 with a stronjr oehraceous sulfiision. Winu', o.uO; tail, 2.1)0; bill. .3.3 and 30; tarsus, .(JO; 

 middle toe, .32. WiuL'-fonnula, I, 2. and 3. 



Hah. Greenland. Variations with season probably as in smaller Continental race. 



A(bdt of loth sexes in spn'it;/. ContiiuMital race {erifiprs). As «leseril)ed for the (Jiccn- 

 land form, but without the oehraceous suffusion. Sides very sparsely streaked. 



Mule in sprinf/. Breast only tinired with delicate peacli-blossoin-pink, thin e.Hendinq 

 farther hack niedialli/ than latera/li/, — just the reverse of ^E. liuari/is : a very faint tin;.a^ 

 of the same in the while of the rump. Measurements (\o. 10.f)M(;. F,>i t .Simpson. April 

 30, 1800 ; B. R. Ross, Coues's type) : Wing, 3.00 ; tail. 2 •',.') ; bill, .20 and .25 ; tarsus, .52 ; 

 middle toe, .30; wing-formula, 2, 1, 3, 4. 



Female in spring. Similar, but lacking all red except that of the |)ilciun, which is loss 

 intense, though not more restricteil, than in the male. ^feasuronK'nts (.\o. 1!),7<»0. Fort 

 Simpson, April 28; B. R. Ross): Wing, 2.80; tail, 2.35 ; bill, .25 and .22; tarsus, .51; 

 middle toe, .30. 



Both sexes in autumn. ( 9 . Fort Rao.) The white of the wh(»le plumage, except on the 

 rump, ovorsi)read b_v a wash of pale ochraeeous. this de<^pest anteriorly : on the anterior 

 upper parts a deep tint of ochraeeous entirely rejdacing the white; wing-markings broader 

 and more ochraeeous than in the spring plumage. Wing, 2.85 ; tail, 2.50 ; bill, .30 and .25 ; 

 tarsus, .51 ; middle too, .30. 



IIaij. Continental arctic America. In winter south into the United States (;us far a.s 

 Mount Carroll, Illinois). 



Tlioui^li ^E. rnne.^rcna is nearly identical with yE. Ilnnrlu^i in size, these two 

 siK'cies mav ahvavs be distiniruislied IVoni each other by certain well-marked 

 and constant diH'erences in coloration ; the princi])al of these have been men- 

 tioned in the synoptical table, but a few other jjoints may be noted here. In 

 sprinjjj males of canfsrcns the delicate rosaceous-i)ink of the breast does not 

 extend, up on to the cheeks, and ba*,'kward it extends fartlier meiTially than 

 laterally, scarcely tingein;^ the sides at all ; while in ^E. /intn-itts the intensely 

 rosficeons, almost carmine, tint covers the cheeks, and extends backward 

 much farther laterally than medially, covering nearly the whole sides. 



Though the weakness, or shortness, of the toes comi)ared with the tarsus, 

 is a feature distinguishing, upon almost microscopical comparison, tlie ^E. ca- 

 nesmis in its two races from the races of ^. HnariKs, it will not l»v anv means 

 serve to distinguish cancscena and c j: Hi pes, ^mce,ii^ will be seen by the meas- 

 urements given, the ])roportion of the toes to the tarsus is a specitic, and not 

 a race, character. (Kidgway.) 



Habits. The history of the Mealy Iied-Poll can only be presented with 

 some doubts and inicertainties. We cannot always determine how far the 

 accounts given by others may have belontred to this species, antl we can only 

 accept, with some reserve, their statements. 



This form, whether sj)ecies or race, is known to inluibit (rreenland, where, 

 according to Dr. lleinhardt, it is constantly resident, and I have received its 



