FKIXdlLLID.E — TIIK FINCHES. 5-(j 



emarginate and rounded. Feathers rather narrow ; oval at thr end. Xo streaks on the 

 head or body ; color above unitorni on the head, ba<'k, or rinnp, separately or on all to- 

 gether. Belly white; outer tail-feathers white. Young birds streaked above an<l below. 



The essential characters of this genus are the midtUe toe ratlier shorter 

 than the sliort tarsus ; the hiteml toes sli«,'htly iineciual, the outer reacliini; 

 the base of tlie middle claw ; the tail a little shorter than the wings, sliglitly 

 emarginate. In Jnmo cimrciis the claws are longer ; the lower mandible a 

 little lower than the upper. 



Species and Varieties. 



Common Characters. Prevailing color i)lunibeous; aI>domen, crissuni, and 

 lateral tail-feathers white. 



A* Bill entirely light flesh-colorod, dusky only at extreme point. Color of 

 jugulum (deep ash or plumbeous-black) abruptly defined against the pure 

 white of the abdomen. 



a. Posterior outline of the dark color of the jugulum convex ; sides 

 pinkish. 



1. J. oregonus. Back and wings more or less tinged with dark 

 rusty, in sharp contrast with the blaek ( ^) or ash (9) of the head 

 and neck. Hah. Pacific Province of Noith America, from Sitka 

 southward; east across the Middle Province of United States, to 

 the Rocky Mountains (where mixed with J. r«»/ff/>.s*)occacsionally 

 to the Plains (where mixed with J. ////^m'f//.s*). 



b. Posterior outline of the <lark color of the jugulum concave: sides ashy. 



2. J. hyemalis. Back and wings without rusty tinge. 



Wing without any white; three outer tail-feathers only, 

 marked with white. Bill, .40 and .2.> ; wing, 3.10; tail, 2.80; 

 tarsus, ,80. Hah. Eastern Province North America. Straggling 

 west to Arizona (Corns) ; in the northern Rocky Mountains, 

 mixed with Jl ore'(7o«^^s ..... wix.hy emnlis . 



Wing with two white l)ands (on tips of middle and gi-eater 

 coverts); four outer tail-feathers marked with white. Bill. .50 

 and .."U); wing, 3.40; tail, 3.20. Hah. High mountains of 

 Colorado (El Piiso Co., Aiken) .... \ax. aihen i. 



3. J. caniceps. Back (interscapulars) rufous: scapulars and wings 

 uniform ashy. Hah. Central Rocky Mountains of United States. 

 (Along southern boundary mixed with J. cinerens?) 



* Hybrid bi'tween orernmus and aiuiccps, — ' * anneclens," Baird, Geol. Surv, Cal. Om. I, 

 p. 564. 



Char. Pinkish sides and convex outline to ash of breast, as in oregnvuft, with the bright 

 rufous back and ashy head, with black lores of vanieeps; a tendency in the rufous of baek to 

 tinge the wings, as in oregonus. Hob. Southern Kocky JMountains. (Fort Whipi)l(', Arizona, 

 CouES ; Fort Bridger, Wyoming, Drexler ; Fort Burgwyn, Mountains of Colorado, Aiken.) 



^ Hybrid between hifemalis and oregonus. 



Char. Plumlx'ous back of hifenwlis, with pinkish sides of oregonus; or else reddish back of 

 oirgomis and plunil>eous sides of hijemalis, or colors mixed both above and lielow. Iloh. Sun 

 River, Dakota ; McKenzi'- River District ? Fort Whipple, Arizona ; and Yo\t Bridger, Wyonnng. 



' Hybrid between cai rps and cincreus, = " liorsolis," Hes»:v, Pr. Phil. Ac. 1858, 117; 

 Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 467. 



Char. Rufous restricted to intei-seapular region, as in the former, with black upper mandible, 

 and pale ash throat of the latter. Uab. Fort Thorn, New Mexico. 



