580 



NORTH AMElllCAN BIHDri. 



B. Bill with the upper man<liblo black, the lower yellow. Ash of the 

 juguluin fading gradually itito the grayish-white of the ahdomen. 



4. J. cinereuB. Whole back, scapulars, wiug-covert«, and tertials 

 rufous. 



Throat and jnguluni pale ash ; back bright rufous. Wing, 

 3.10; tail, 3.00; bill, .34 and .25; tarsus, .80. Hah. Table- 

 lands and mountains of Mexico. . . . var. c I w ere MS.' 



Throat and juguluni deep ash; back dull, or olivaceous- 

 rufous. Wing, 3.15; tail, 3.10; bill, .44 and .34; tarsus, .90. 

 Ilah, High mountains of (Tuatenjal.o. . . . var. alticola? 



Jiinco hyemalis, 8t later. 



SKOWBIBD. 



Fringilla hyemcJis, Linn. Syst. Nat. I, 0«Jth e»l.,) 1758, 183 (not of Gmelin or Latham). 



— AUD. Orn. Biog. I, 1831, 72 ; V, .505, ]>!. xiii. — Max. Cab. Jour. VI, 1858, 277. 

 Fringilla {JSpiza) hyrmulis, PxtN. Syn. 18*28, 109. Emberiza hijemalis, LiNN. Syst. 

 Nat. I, 1766, 308. Struthus hycrnalis, Bon. hist, 1838. — Ib. Consp. 1850, 475. 

 Xiphcea hyemafis, AuD. Synopsis, 1839, 106. — Ib. Birds Am. Ill, 1841, 88, pi. clxvii. 

 Jmuo hyenudis, Sclatek, Pr, Zool. Soc. 1857, 7. — Baird, Birds N. Am. 1858, 468. 



— CouEs, P. A. N. S. 1861, 224. — Ball & Bannister, Tr. Ch. Ac. I, 1869, 284.— 

 Sami^els, 314. Fringilla hudsoniii, FoKsTEii, Philos. Trans. LXII, 1772, 428. — 

 Gmelin, I, 1788, 926. — Wilson's Index, VI, 1812, p. xiii. Fringilla nivalis, 

 Wilson, II, 1810, 129, pi. xvi, f. 6. 



Sp. Char. Everywhere of a grayish or ilark ashy-black, deepest anteriorly ; the mid- 

 dle of the breast behin<l and of the belly, the under tail-coverts, and first and second 

 external tail-feathers, white; the third tail-feather white, margined with black. Length, 

 6.25 ; wing, about 3. Female paler. In winter washed with brownish. Young streaked 

 above and below. 



Hab. Eastern United States to the Missouri, and as far west as Black Hills. Stragglers 

 at Fort Whipple, Arizona, and mountains of Colorado. 



The wing is rounded ; the second quill longest ; the third, fourth, and 

 fifth, successively, a little shorter; tlie first longer than the sixth. Tail 

 sliglitly rounded, and a little emargiuate. In the full spring dress there is 



1 Junco cinrrens, Cabanis, Mexican Snowbird. Fringilla cincrca, Sw. Syn. Birds Mex. in 

 Phil. Mag. I, 1827, 435. Junco cinerem, Cabanis, Mus, Hein. 1850, 134. ~ Baihd, Birds 

 N. Am. 1858, 465. ^'Fringilla rufidorsvt. Light.," Bonaparte ; probably a catalogue name. 

 Junco phceofwtm, Wagler, Isis, 1831, 526. — Bonap. Comptes Reudus, XXXVII, 518. 



Sp. Char. Ash-color above ; with a broad quadrate interscapular patch of rufous-chestnut, 

 this extending over the w-ing-coveris and inner secondaries. Beneath paler ash, lighter in 

 middle region below, but without distinct line of demarcation. Lores and anterior region of eye 

 dusky ; in decided contrast. Outer three tail-feathers white, but dusky at base and on outer web 

 at end ; the amount increasing internally. Upi>er bill entirely black ; lower yellow. Length, 

 6.40; height of bill, .25; culmen, .46. Hab. Table-lands of Mexico. 



2 Junco alticola, Salvin, Guatemalan Snowbird. Junco alticola, Salvin, P. Z. S. 1863, 189 

 (Highlands, Guatemala). — Ib. Ibis, 1866, 193. 



Sp. Char. Sinular to ,/. cinereus, but darker than Mexican species, with less contrast between 

 the rufous of back and the ash of head. Tail with less white. Bill much larger : height, .34 ; 

 culmen, .56. Hab. Highlands of Guatemala. 



